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The genus Ornebius Guérin-Méneville, 1844 was divided into five species groups based on the structure of the male genitalia. Three new species of Ornebius were described from the Chinese provinces of Hainan, Guangxi and Guangdong. Type specimens are deposited at the Museum of Flora and Fauna of Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China (SNNU).A new genus of the spider family Trachelidae L. Koch, 1872 from the Afrotropical Region is described. Capobula gen. nov. is represented by five species, known from South Africa and Lesotho only. Adults of both sexes of Orthobula infima Simon, 1896a, which is widely distributed in the Western Cape, South Africa, are described for the first time, and this species is transferred to Capobula gen. nov. as its type species. Four new species are described C. capensis spec. nov. and C. neethlingi spec. nov. (South Africa Western Cape), C. montana spec. nov. (Lesotho and South Africa Eastern Cape, Free State and KwaZulu-Natal) and C. ukhahlamba spec. nov. selleck products (South Africa KwaZulu-Natal). A phylogenetic analysis based on the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, including 14 genera of Trachelidae, one genus of Clubionidae Wagner, 1887 and three genera of Phrurolithidae Banks, 1892, supports the placement of Capobula gen. nov. in Trachelidae, with Orthobula Simon, 1897 as its likely closest relative.The Japanese fauna of the myrmecomorphic plant bug genus Pilophorus Hahn is updated and reclassified. Seventeen species are now recognized, including three herein described as new, P. hyotan, P. satoyamanus and P. setulosellus; and P. pullulus Poppius, 1914 which is reinstated as valid and recorded from Japan for the first time. The identity of P. okamotoi Miyamoto Lee, 1966, originally described from Korean Jeju Island and previously confused with P. satoyamanus n. sp., is reconfirmed and rediagnosed. Frequently misidentified species, P. erraticus Linnavuori, 1962 P. pseudoperplexus Josifov, 1987 and P. setulosus Horváth, 1905 as well as the little known taxon, P. choii, are rediagnosed. The distribution and diagnostic features of P. typicus (Distant, 1909) are presented in light of the recognition of P. hyotan n. sp. An updated checklist and a key to genera and species of the tribe Pilophorini are provided to aid in unequivocal identification of every Japanese pilophorine taxon. A new species of Pherolepis Kulik from Kyushu, P. hizenicus, is also described.The genus Gastrotheca Fitzinger, 1843 currently harbors 75 species (Frost 2020). These marsupial frogs have a broad latitudinal distribution range in Central and South America, from Costa Rica southward to Argentina (Duellman 2015). The advertisement call features as the pulse structure, call duration, and repetition pulse rate are used by researchers to recognize the species of Gastrotheca (Duellman 2015). The availability of call descriptions is also crucial for recognizing these species with secretive life habits and implementing long-term passive acoustic monitoring programs (Vaira et al. 2011; Akmentins et al. 2014).A new species of snake eel, Ophichthus chennaiensis sp. nov. (Anguilliformes Ophichthidae Ophichthinae), is described on the basis of a specimen collected from dumped fish disposed of by bottom trawlers at Kasimedu fishing harbour, Chennai. Ophichthus chennaiensis sp. nov is distinguished from its congeners by having its dorsal-fin origin one pectoral-fin length behind the pectoral-fin tip, preanal length 2.4 in TL, biserial maxillary, uniserial mandibular teeth, biserial to uniserial vomerine teeth, and its vertebrae (predorsal 19, preanal 53, and total vertebrae 154).We provide the first report of the Nearctic diving beetle subfamily Coptotominae Van den Branden, 1885 for the Paleactic Region, based on † Coptotomus balticus sp. n. from Baltic amber. Coptotomus Say, 1830 is otherwise distributed with five extant species and one subspecies in the Nearctic Region. The new species is the smallest species of the genus and thus readily separated from the extant taxa.We present a catalog of nine taxa of Castniidae reported for Nicaragua and Honduras including Prometheus zagraea salvina, a first record for Nicaragua. We also include general and field observations of behavior to help explain why members of this family are poorly represented in collections.The northern part of Madagascar is well known for its high species diversity and endemism. Exceptional species richness is related to the existence of large forest blocks and mountain complexes. These areas shelter a diverse variety of habitats occupied by a wide diversity of species, including leaf-tailed geckos of the genus Uroplatus. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, we here formally name two evolutionary lineages as new species that previously had been considered as candidate species (Uroplatus spp. Ca3 and Ca4), both small-sized species of the Uroplatus ebenaui group. Genetically, both new species are related to U. finiavana with a genetic divergence (uncorrected pairwise distance) of 10.3-12.8% in a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, and separated from each other by 10.3-10.7%. Uroplatus fangorn sp. nov. is described from the Marojejy massif and is also known from Andrevorevo, Lohanandroranga and Sorata; it is similar to U. ebenaui and U. fetsy but is distinguishable by its rather short tail and only partially black pigmented oral mucosa. Uroplatus fivehy sp. nov. is described from the Sorata Massif and is wider-ranging, occurring in an area from Marotandrano and Makira to Sorata, comprising Marojejy, Anjanaharibe-Sud, Ankitsika and Betaolana; it is morphologically similar to U. finiavana but distinguishable by tail size and shape. Both newly described species are found in rainforest from mid to high elevation and range respectively from 840-1417 m for U. fivehy sp nov. and 1300-1800 m for U. fangorn sp. nov. According to their respective geographical distributions, we propose to classify the two new species as Vulnerable under the IUCN Red List criteria, due to their occurrence in some forests outside of the protected area network plus the continuing decline of forest patches in the north of Madagascar.
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