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Evolution Korea
The financial crisis that hit Asia prompted a major reappraisal the old system of government and business alliances, as well the public management of risks. In Korea, that meant an evolution of the development paradigm.
In a controversial move, the South Korean government has asked publishers of textbooks to ignore calls for the removal of examples of evolution from high school science texts. This includes the evidence supporting the evolution of horses as well as the avian ancestor Archaeopteryx.
1. Evolution and Religion
A South Korean creationist group has pushed textbook publishers to eliminate evidence of evolution from high school science texts. This was the result of a campaign run by the Society for Textbook Revise (STR) an independent offshoot of the Korea Association for Creation Research that aims to clear biology books of "atheist materialism." The STR asserts that such materialism creates an image of negativity for students, causing them to abandon their faith.
When the STR's ad campaign made the news, scientists from all over the globe expressed concern. In a letter to the editor of Nature evolutionary biologist Jae Choe of Ewha Womans University in Seoul complained that South Korea had given in to religious prejudice. He was backed by colleagues from all over the country, who formed a group called Evolution Korea to organize an anti-textbook petition.
Some researchers are concerned that the STR could spread to other parts around the globe, including areas where creationism is on the rise. The letter to Nature warned of the anti-evolution campaign increasing pressure on textbook revisions, specifically in countries with large Christian and Muslim population.
South Korea has a particularly strong cultural background for the debate on evolution. 26 percent of South Koreans belong to of a religious community and the majority of them practice Christianity or Buddhism. Many Koreans also adhere to Ch'ondogyo - an ideology based on Confucian principles that is a strong advocate of social harmony, individual self-cultivation and self-respect. Ch'ondogyo teaches that the human being is one with Hanulnim, the God of Sun and that heavenly blessings can be achieved through the good works of one's.
All of this has provided an ideal environment for the spread of creationism. A number of studies have demonstrated that students who have religious backgrounds tend to feel more uncomfortable about learning evolution than those who do not have a religious background. The underlying causes of this phenomenon are not clear. Students with a religious background may be less familiar with scientific theories, which makes them more susceptible to the creationists influence. Another reason could be that students with religious backgrounds are more likely to see evolution as an atheistic concept, which may make them less at ease with it.
2. Evolution and Science
In recent years, campaigns against evolution in schools have raised concern within the scientific community. A survey conducted in 2009 revealed that more than 40 percent of Americans believe that biological evolution is wrong and that a belief in it would conflict with their religious beliefs. Many scientists believe that despite the popularity of creationism the best way to stop this movement is to educate the public on the evidence that supports evolution.
Scientists are required to teach their students about science including the theory of evolution. They should also inform the public about the process of scientific research and how knowledge is confirmed. They should also explain that scientific theories are often challenged and reformulated. However, misconceptions about the nature and purpose of scientific research can lead to anti-evolution beliefs.
For example, some people may confuse the word "theory" with the normal meaning of the word, which is a hunch or a guess. In science, however an hypothesis is rigorously tested and empirical evidence is used to confirm it. A theory that has survived repeated testing and observations becomes an established scientific principle.
The debate over the evolutionary theory provides a great opportunity to discuss the importance of the scientific method and its limitations. It is essential to be aware that science is not able to answer questions about life's purpose or meaning, but instead provides a mechanism for living things to develop and change.
A well-rounded education should also include exposure to all major scientific fields including evolutionary biology. This is crucial because the jobs people are employed in and the decisions they make require a knowledge of how science works.
The vast majority of scientists around world agree that humans have evolved over time. In a recent study, which predicted adults' views of the consensus on this topic, those with higher levels education and science knowledge were found to be more likely to believe there is a wide consensus among scientists on human evolution. The people who have more religious beliefs but less science knowledge tend to disagree more. It is critical that educators insist on knowing the consensus on this issue, so that people have a solid basis for making informed decisions about their health care, energy usage and other issues of policy.
3. Evolution and Culture
A close relative to mainstream evolutionary theory, the concept of cultural evolution focuses on the various ways that humans and other species learn from and interact with one another. Researchers in this field use elaborate tools and investigative models adapted from evolutionary theorists and reach back to the prehistoric human to determine the origins of culture.
This approach also recognizes that there are some differences between cultural and biological traits. Cultural traits can be acquired slowly, whereas biological traits are usually acquired at the same time (in the case of sexual species after fertilization). The acquisition of a cultural characteristic can affect the development and growth of a different.
In Korea the emergence of Western styles in the latter part of the nineteenth and early twentieth century was the result of an intricate sequence of events. One of the most important was the appearance in Korea of Japanese occupation forces, who introduced Western hairstyles and clothing.
After that, when Japan left Korea in the 1930s, a few of these trends began change. By the end World War II, Korea was once again united, this time under the Choson dynasty rule.
Today, Korea is a vibrant political and economic power. Despite the recent financial crisis the economy of Korea has been growing consistently over the last decade. It is anticipated to continue to grow in the coming years.
However, the current government faces numerous challenges. One of the most significant is its inability to find an effective strategy to address the economic crisis. The crisis has exposed shortcomings in the policies of the country, especially its over-reliance on foreign investment and exports that may not last.
As the crisis has shattered the confidence of investors, the government has to review its economic strategy and look for alternatives to boost domestic demand. It also needs to reform the incentive monitoring, control, and discipline systems that are currently in place to create the stability of the financial system. This chapter offers a variety of scenarios on how the Korean economy could develop post-crisis.
4. Evolution and Education
The challenge for teachers of evolution lies in how to teach evolutionary concepts that are appropriate for various levels of development and ages. For example, teachers must be aware of the diversity of religions in their classrooms and create an environment where students with both secular and religious views feel comfortable in learning about evolution. Moreover, teachers need to recognize the most common misconceptions about evolution and how to confront these in their classrooms. Teachers should also have quick access to the many resources to teach evolution.
In this context, Thinking Evolutionarily Convocation played an important role in bringing together evolutionary researchers and educators from different sectors to discuss best methods for teaching about Evolution. Participants included representatives from scientific societies and educational research organizations, as well as officials from government funding agencies and curriculum designers. The convergence of diverse stakeholders helped identify the common recommendations that will serve as the foundation for future actions.
A key recommendation is that the teaching of evolution should be included in every science curriculum at every level. To achieve this goal it is recommended that the National Science Education Standards (NRC) require that evolution be taught in a unified manner across all sciences with a progression of concepts that are developmental appropriate. A new publication from NRC offers guidance for schools on how to integrate evolution in the life science curriculum.
Numerous studies have shown that a more comprehensive teaching of evolution is linked to greater student knowledge and belief in the existence of evolution. It is difficult to quantify causal effects in the classroom, since the curriculum for schools do not change in a random manner and are affected by the timing of the state board of education and gubernatorial elections. To overcome this issue, i use an ongoing dataset that gives me control for the effects of years and states fixed as well as individual-level variations in the beliefs of teachers about evolutionary theory.
Teachers who are more comfortable in teaching evolution have fewer internal barriers. This is in line with the idea that a faculty with more confidence is less likely to avoid evolution topics in the classroom. Additionally, they might be more likely employ strategies, such as a reconciliatory approach known to improve the acceptance of undergraduate students of evolution (Harms and Reiss, 2019; Tolman et al. 2020).
Homepage: https://evolutionkr.kr/
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