Notes

1-Mark Questions (Objective/Direct Answers)

1. What are the types of comparative research?
- Descriptive and Analytical Comparative Research.

2.Define Comparative Research.
- Comparative Research studies similarities and differences across educational systems, policies, and practices.

3. What is the full form of UGC?
- University Grants Commission.

4. What does NCERT stand for?
- National Council of Educational Research and Training.

5. Name any two institutions involved in comparative research.
- ICSSR (Indian Council of Social Science Research) and ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center).

6. **What are the two main goals of comparative research?**
- To understand global education systems and improve local policies.

7. **Mention one changing trend in educational research from the past two decades.**
- Integration of technology in teaching and learning.

8. **What is the purpose of a research proposal?**
- To outline the objectives, process, and significance of the research.

9. **Name any one focus area of NCERT in research practices.**
- Educational innovations and classroom practices.

10. **What is the purpose of continuous evaluation?**
- To assess students regularly and provide consistent feedback.

11. **How many marks are allocated for MTT (Theory)?**
- 30 Marks.

12. **What is the total weightage of ETE (Theory)?**
- 50 Marks.

13. **Mention one method used for group evaluation in the course.**
- Group Discussions.

14. **What is the significance of field visits in research evaluation?**
- It provides practical exposure to research methodologies.

15. **How many marks are assigned for assignments in the course evaluation?**
- 10 Marks.

16. **Name one source listed in the references for educational research.**
- [www.ugc.ac.in](http://www.ugc.ac.in).

17. **What is the weightage of quizzes/extempore in the evaluation?**
- 5 Marks.

18. **What are the institutions that focus on major research areas of education?**
- NCERT, ICSSR, and UGC.

19. **Name one topic covered under Unit D: NCERT.**
- Introduction, Objectives, and Functions of NCERT.

20. **What is the main focus of "Changing Trends in Educational Research"?**
- To analyze how education research has evolved over the last two decades.

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### **5-Mark Questions (Short Explanations)**

1. **Explain the concept and goals of Comparative Research.**
Comparative Research involves studying similarities and differences in educational systems across regions or countries. Its goals include improving educational policies, identifying best practices, and fostering international collaborations for better education outcomes.

2. **Discuss the changing trends of educational research in the past two decades.**
Educational research has evolved through the following trends:
- Use of digital tools and technologies.
- Increased focus on evidence-based research.
- More comparative and international studies.
- Greater emphasis on student-centered learning methods.
- Rise in interdisciplinary approaches to education.

3. **Write a note on the importance of Comparative Research.**
Comparative Research helps in:
- Identifying successful education practices from different countries.
- Improving domestic education systems based on global comparisons.
- Understanding cultural, social, and economic influences on education.
- Promoting international collaboration for education policy reforms.

4. **Describe the evaluation process for this course.**
The course evaluation includes:
- **Continuous Evaluation**: 20 Marks.
- **Assignments (Individual/Group)**: 10 Marks.
- **Quiz/Extempore**: 5 Marks.
- **Presentation/Seminar/Field Visit**: 5 Marks.
- **Mid-Term Test (MTT Theory)**: 30 Marks.
- **End-Term Test (ETE Theory)**: 50 Marks.

5. **What are the objectives and focus areas of institutions conducting Comparative Research?**
Institutions like NCERT, UGC, and ICSSR aim to:
- Analyze education systems globally.
- Conduct interdisciplinary studies for policy-making.
- Promote innovations and research collaborations.
- Focus on areas like funding, classroom practices, and teacher training.

6. **Explain the functions and divisions of NCERT in research.**
NCERT promotes educational research through its divisions:
- **DER (Department of Educational Research)**: Conducts research on pedagogy.
- **DTE (Teacher Education)**: Focuses on teacher training.
- **DEPFE**: Focuses on psychology and foundational education.
Functions include designing curriculum, promoting educational reforms, and researching teaching methodologies.

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### **10-Mark Questions (Detailed Explanations)**

1. **Explain in detail the changing trends of educational research in the past two decades.**
Over the past two decades, educational research has undergone significant transformations, including:
- **Technological Integration**: Use of tools like Learning Management Systems (LMS), AI, and virtual classrooms.
- **Globalization of Education**: Comparative studies among nations to understand education models and policies.
- **Student-Centered Learning**: Emphasis on individual differences and innovative teaching methods.
- **Interdisciplinary Research**: Collaboration across subjects like psychology, sociology, and technology.
- **Funding Support**: Increased focus on research funding by national (UGC, ICSSR) and international agencies.
- **Data-Driven Policies**: Using evidence-based research for educational reforms.

Examples include NCERT's focus on integrating technology in classrooms and UGC's guidelines for research proposals.

2. **Discuss the practices of NCERT in research and its impact on the Indian education system.**
NCERT plays a pivotal role in educational research with the following practices:
- **Curriculum Development**: NCERT designs and updates school syllabi.
- **Teacher Training**: Conducts workshops and training programs for teachers.
- **Research on Pedagogy**: Studies classroom practices, assessment techniques, and teaching methods.
- **Policy Research**: Provides insights for national education policies like NEP 2020.
- **Focus Areas**: Innovation in education, digital learning, and inclusive education.

**Impact on Indian Education System**:
- Improved quality of textbooks and learning materials.
- Enhanced teacher competencies through training programs.
- Development of innovative methods for effective learning.
- Contribution to policy decisions and research-based reforms.

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This comprehensive answer set ensures clarity and aligns perfectly with the course structure and topics. Let me know if you need further elaboration!