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Treatment standards following rotating cuff fix: a meta-analysis regarding latest evidence.
Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a common hip fracture (HF) complication. Although fecal impaction (FI) is one of the oft-cited causes of POUR in clinical practice, evidence regarding this association is scarce.

The aim of this study was to determine whether FI was associated with POUR after HF surgery in older patients.

All patients consecutively admitted after a HF surgery in a geriatric perioperative unit were included in this cross-sectional study. FI was systematically assessed by a digital rectal exam at admission and according to clinical suspicion during the hospital stay. The dependent variable was POUR, systematically screened according to the department protocol and defined as a bladder volume > 400 ml requiring catheterization. The association between FI and POUR was assessed by multivariable analysis.

A total of 256 patients were included (mean [SD] age 86 [6] years), 76% women) 108 (42%) presented FI and 63 (25%) POUR. The frequency of FI was higher with than without POUR (73% vs 32%, P<0.001). On multivariable analysis, after adjusting for age, sex, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale score and anticholinergic load, FI was the only factor independently associated with POUR (odds ratio 4.78 [95% confidence interval 2.44-9.71], P<0.001.

FI was the only independent factor associated with POUR after HF surgery in older adults. Further studies are needed to optimize perioperative geriatric care including FI and POUR assessment and management.
FI was the only independent factor associated with POUR after HF surgery in older adults. Further studies are needed to optimize perioperative geriatric care including FI and POUR assessment and management.
Exercise prescription guidelines for individuals undergoing cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) are based on heart rate training zones and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). United Kingdom guidelines indicate that patients should exercise at an intensity of RPE 11 to 14.

We aimed to determine the accuracy of this approach by comparing this RPE range with an objectively measured marker of exercise intensity, the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT), and examine whether baseline directly determined cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) affects the association between VAT and RPE.

Participants underwent a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test before an 8-week community-based CR programme. Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) and VAT were recorded, and RPE at the workload at which VAT was identified was recorded. Data were then split into tertiles, based on V̇O2peak, to determine whether RPE at the VAT differed in participants with low, moderate or higher CRF.

We included 70 individuals [mean (SD) age 63.1 (10.0) years; body mass index 29.4 (4.0) kg/m2; 86% male]. At baseline, the mean RPE at the VAT (RPE@VAT) was 11.8 (95% confidence interval 11-12.6) and significantly differed between low and high CRF groups (P<0.001). The mean RPE@VAT was 10.1 (8.7-11.5), 11.8 (10.5-13.0), and 13.7 (12.5-14.9) for low, moderate and high CRF groups, respectively.

When using RPE to guide exercise intensity in CR populations, one must consider the effect of baseline CRF. Mean RPEs of ∼10, 12 and 14 correspond to the VAT in low, moderate and higher-fit patients, respectively.
When using RPE to guide exercise intensity in CR populations, one must consider the effect of baseline CRF. Mean RPEs of ∼10, 12 and 14 correspond to the VAT in low, moderate and higher-fit patients, respectively.Persistent serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation in nucleotide/nucleoside analogue (NA)-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has been associated with unfavorable long-term outcomes.1 It has been consistently shown that a higher proportion of patients receiving tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) achieve normal ALT in comparison with recipients of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate,2-5 the mechanism for which remains unknown.2.Abnormal intraglandular stromal-epithelial interactions have been known as a main key contributing factor for development of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). However, the underlying mechanism for the dysregulated intercellular communication remains unclear. In this study we compared the proteomic profiles of hyperplastic tissue with adjacent normal tissue of BPH and identified Rab27B small GTPase, a key regulator of exocytosis, as a protein that was overexpressed in the epithelium of BPH tissue. Overexpression of Rab27B in prostatic epithelial cells strongly increased the signaling activities of the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathways, whereas, downregulation of Rab27B expression in the epithelial cells of BPH reduced the signaling activities and decreased cell proliferation. The elevated Rab27B expression caused an overall increase in cell surface presentation of growth factor receptors without affecting their expression. However, the small GTPase also possesses an inhibitory activity against mTORC1 independent of its role in cell surface presentation of growth factor receptors. Our findings demonstrate a pivotal role of the small GTPase in autocrine and paracrine signaling and suggest that its abnormal expression underlies the dysregulated stromal-epithelial interactions in BPH.Phylogenetic relationships among the squids and cuttlefishes (CephalopodaDecapodiformes) have resisted clarification for decades, despite multiple analyses of morphological, molecular and combined data sets. More recently, analyses of complete mitochondrial genomes and hundreds of nuclear loci have yielded similarly ambiguous results. OTUB2-IN-1 manufacturer In this study, we re-evaluate hypotheses of decapodiform relationships by increasing taxonomic breadth and utilizing higher-quality genome and transcriptome data for several taxa. We also employ analytical approaches to (1) identify contamination in transcriptome data, (2) better assess model adequacy, and (3) account for potential biases. Using this larger data set, we consistently recover a clade comprising Myopsida (closed-eye squid), Sepiida (cuttlefishes), and Oegopsida (open-eye squid) that is sister to a Sepiolida (bobtail and bottletail squid) clade. Idiosepiida (pygmy squid) is consistently recovered as the sister group to all sampled decapodiform lineages. Further, a weighted Shimodaira-Hasegawa test applied to one of our larger data matrices rejects all alternatives to these ordinal-level relationships.
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