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Immobile solution and L theorem for the generic Fokker-Planck picture.
Results The most highly cited paper this century is entitled 'Soft contact lens polymers An evolution', by Nicholson and Vogt. Lyndon Jones is the most impactful author, with a hCL-20-index of 32. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD7762.html The University of New South Wales (Australia) produces the most impactful contact lens-related papers, and the United States is the most highly-ranked country. Optometry and Vision Science is the most impactful journal in the contact lens field.Conclusions Contact lens materials and lens-associated keratitis are topics of high interest in the contemporary contact lens literature, with an emerging interest in orthokeratology for myopia control and glucose monitoring. Impactful 21st century authors, institutions, countries and journals are identified. Optometry is revealed as the leading profession in relation to the publication of impactful contact lens-related papers.Clinical relevance Variation with time in the tear film parameters should be considered by the clinician since the time when measurements are made can influence proper diagnosis.Background A hallmark of dry eye is an unstable tear film associated with variability in objective daily measures. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the inter-week repeatability of meibometry, break-up time (BUT) and maximum blink interval (MBI) in healthy subjects.Methods Forty healthy subjects were recruited for the study. Meibometry, BUT and MBI were performed twice in two sessions, one-week apart. Meibum from the lower eyelid was collected and quantified with the Meibometer MB550. Five meibomian curves were generated by tape and each peak value was averaged as a mean value per session. BUT and MBI were determined three times after fluorescein instillation and recorded by a DV-3 camera attached to the slit lamp. BUT and MBI videos were analysed by a second masked observer. Both BUT and MBI values were calculated by averaging the two most similar measurements of the three evaluated.Results No statistical difference between inter-week sessions was obtained for the meibometry (p > 0.340; Wilcoxon test), BUT (p > 0.326; Wilcoxon test) and MBI values (p ≥ 0.248; Wilcoxon test). Inter-week differences were low for BUT and MBI when time intervals were no longer than 15 seconds (both p ≥ 0.586; Wilcoxon test). A correlation between BUT and MBI was found (r ≥ 0.668, p less then 0.001; Spearman Rho), while a no statistical correlation was obtained between meibometry results and BUT or MBI (all p ≥ 0.194; Spearman Rho).Conclusion Meibum secretion and the tear film stability present good intersession repeatability, and are stable along with sessions in healthy patients.Clinical relevance Dry eye disease is a common chronic ocular condition, which is acknowledged to have adverse impacts on quality of life and work productivity.Background The wide-reaching impacts of dry eye disease on mental health and quality of life have received growing attention in recent years. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the relationship between dry eye disease, self-perceived health status, and self-reported psychological stress burden.Methods Three hundred and twelve community residents (178 females, 134 males; mean ± SD age, 38 ± 21 years) with no major systemic, ophthalmic, or psychiatric conditions (other than dry eye disease), were recruited in a cross-sectional study. Self-perceived health status and self-reported psychological stress burden were assessed, and dry eye symptomology, ocular surface characteristics, and tear film quality were evaluated for each participant within a single clinical session, in accordance with the global consensus recommendations of the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II reports.Results Multivariate regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and contact lens wear, demonstrated that improved self-perceived health status was associated with decreased odds of dry eye disease, aqueous tear deficiency and meibomian gland dysfunction (all p less then 0.05). Increased self-reported psychological stress burden was positively associated with dry eye disease, aqueous tear deficiency and meibomian gland dysfunction (all p ≤ 0.01).Conclusion Dry eye disease is associated with poorer self-perceived health status and greater self-reported psychological stress burden. The findings of this study highlight the wide-reaching impacts of dry eye disease, and the importance of minimising the impacts of the condition with optimised management and actioning inter-disciplinary referral for affected patients where necessary.Clinical relevance Pars plana vitrectomy techniques have evolved in the recent years and the number of patients undergoing phacoemulsification for post-vitrectomy cataract has increased. Eye-care practitioners need to be aware of intraoperative complications and post-operative outcomes in previously vitrectomised eyes.Background The aim of the present study is to compare the outcomes and related complications of phacoemulsification in previously vitrectomised versus non-vitrectomised eyes.Methods This is a retrospective case-control study. Visual acuity, refractive outcomes, intra- and post-operative complications were analysed in consecutive phacoemulsification patients between January 2015 and August 2017. Patients with no post-operative data were excluded.Results One hundred and forty-nine previously vitrectomised eyes and 608 non-vitrectomised eyes were included in the analysis. Previous pars plana vitrectomy was associated with worse logMAR visual acuity pre-operatively (0.75 ± 0.54 vs. 0.40 ± 0.33, p less then 0.0001) and post-operatively (0.15 ± 0.29 vs. 0.09 ± 0.22, p = 0.014). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding refractive outcomes (p = 0.393) or posterior capsule rupture rate (p = 0.223). Previous pars plana vitrectomy was associated with a higher risk of post-operative macular oedema (p = 0.046) and posterior capsule opacification (p less then 0.0001).Conclusions Previous pars plana vitrectomy was not associated with a higher risk of intraoperative complications. However, a higher incidence of cystoid macular oedema and posterior capsule opacification were identified in the present study. Further research can provide insight into the mechanisms involved and any appropriate prevention strategies for these conditions.
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