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Olfactory path inside Xibalbanus tulumensis: remipedian hemiellipsoid body while homologue regarding hexapod mushroom system.
In light of current trends of land abandonment across Europe, the rewilding of abandoned land is increasingly discussed as a future land management option. Since many of the regions affected by rewilding developments will be located in vicinity to densely populated areas, it is imperative to better understand public's attitudes towards an expansion of wilderness. Prior research on wilderness attitudes has typically been descriptive and rarely explored the underlying processes that lead to differences in wilderness attitudes. Taking the Theory of Planned Behaviour as our framework of analysis, we examine public attitudes towards wilderness in the context of people's beliefs of wilderness, and to what extent these beliefs can explain differences in wilderness attitudes between social groups. Results of a questionnaire survey (n = 858) in the mountain region of South Tyrol in the Central Alps show that wilderness attitudes are significantly influenced by three dimensions of wilderness beliefs, corresponding to 1) respondents' general wilderness representations, 2) perceived extent of wilderness areas, and 3) expected consequences of wilderness expansion. In addition, significant differences in wilderness attitudes are found between age groups, user groups, and groups with varying degrees of interest in wildlife watching. Our results indicate that these differences are partly related to contradictory views of wilderness, suggesting that it is not only conflicting interests that may lead to differences in wilderness attitudes between social groups. We conclude that participatory processes are needed to consider the plurality of people's wilderness representations and their perception of risks and benefits for the design and implementation of socially-just rewilding initiatives.The harm from mercury pollution to human health and the environment has long been known. In recent years, the combination of industrial activities and long-term atmospheric transport has resulted in a sustained increase in mercury concentrations in soils. However, soil remediation and mercury-contaminated soil management in China are still in its infancy, and there is ample space for the development of related research. We systematically reviewed several pertinent topics and found that soil mercury pollution around mines and industrial soil in China is the most serious. The highest mercury content is found in the soil around the Tongren mercury mine in Guizhou Province and the thermometer factories. The average content of soil mercury is similar to that of atmospheric mercury emission in China. Mercury content in soil gradually decreases from the southeast to the northwest. In order to repair the mercury-contaminated soil, solidification and stabilization technology have been developed in China and applied in the engineering of restoration. In the future, we will study more effective stabilizer materials and select plants highly rich in mercury, to develop low-cost and high-repair-rate remediation technology. China has also developed a series of policies, regulations, and regulatory documents to manage mercury pollution, such as the Agricultural Land Standard and the Construction Land Standard. Compared with other countries, the screening values for soil mercury in China are relatively low. China has also established control standards for methylmercury in soils of residential and industrial land. In addition, China has issued emission standards and control notices related to the mercury industry. find more However, there are still shortcomings in soil remediation technology and environmental management systems for mercury pollution in China. In the future, China will formulate standards according to local conditions and improve the responsibility mechanism, financial mechanism, and level of public participation.In this study, we investigated the potentials of nanomaterials to enhance anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, in terms of nitrogen removal, microbial enrichment, and activity of key enzymes. Graphene nanosheets (GNs) and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were selected due to their catalytic functions as conductive material and electron shuttles, respectively. The obtained results revealed that the optimum dosage of GNs (10 mg/L) boosted the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) by 46 ± 3.1% compared to the control, with maximum NH4+-N and NO2--N removal of 86.5 ± 2.7% and 97.1 ± 0.5%, respectively. Moreover, hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH) enzyme activity was augmented by 1.1-fold when using 10 mg/L GNs. The presence of GNs promoted the anammox granulation via enhancement of hydrophobic interaction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Regarding the use of γ-Fe2O3 NPs, 100 mg/L dose increased NRR by 55 ± 3.8%; however, no contribution to HDH enzyme activity and a decrease in EPS compositions were observed. Given that the abiotic use of γ-Fe2O3 NPs further resulted in high adsorption efficiency (~92%), we conclude that the observed promotion due to γ-Fe2O3 NPs was mainly abiotic. Moreover, the 16S rRNA analysis revealed that the relative abundance of genus C. Jettenia (anammox related bacteria) increased from 11.9% to 12.3% when using 10 mg/L GNs, while declined to 8.3% at 100 mg/L γ-Fe2O3 NPs. Eventually, nanomaterials could stimulate the efficiency of anammox process, and this promotion and associated mechanism depend on their dose and composition.Mangrove forests worldwide are threatened environments considered vulnerable to chronic contamination by hydrophobic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These ecosystems have a key role in the dynamics of biogenic and anthropogenic carbon storage and provide proper conditions for accumulation. One of most important subtropical mangrove swamps in the South Atlantic is located in the Paranaguá Estuarine System (PES), the largest bay of South Brazil surrounded by well-preserved Atlantic rainforests; however, the PES is under imminent risks of damage, e.g., due to incidental oil spills during port operations. In this scenario, PAHs were assessed for the first time in the mangrove sediments of the PES. The concentrations of 16 priority PAHs (EPA) ( less then DL - 234.3 ng g-1, 36 samples) were higher than those observed in previous studies for bottom sediments and had a similar order of magnitude as those for other human-impacted mangroves but were lower than those of other heavily impacted mangroves.
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