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Exploring the effective therapy for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is an important goal. find more This study was designed to investigate how dexmedetomidine (DEX) contribute to hypoxic brain injury.

Developing Sprague-Dawley rat models of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury were constructed to simulate neonatal hypoxic brain injury for DEX treatment. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were performed to measure neuroglobin (Ngb) protein expression in hippocampal tissues. Hippocampal neuron injury and apoptosis were detected by Nissl staining and TUNEL assay, respectively. A Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to evaluate the long-term learning and memory function.

The expression of Ngb was increased following H/R model establishment and up-regulated by medium and high doses of DEX, but not up-regulated by low doses of DEX. Medium and high doses of DEX alleviated the H/R injury as well as induced the reduction of Nissl bodies and apoptosis. Besides, medium and high doses of DEX down-regulated cytosolic Cyt-c, Apaf-1, and caspase-3 in H/R injury model. MWM test showed that medium and high doses of DEX significantly shortened the escape latency and enhanced the number of platform crossings. However, low doses of DEX have no effect on Nissl bodies, mitochondrial apoptosis, expression of apoptosis-related proteins and long-term learning functions.

DEX induced Ngb expression in H/R rat models. The neuroprotection of DEX-mediated Ngb up-regulation may be achieved by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Findings indicated that DEX may be useful as an effective therapy for neonatal hypoxic brain injury.
DEX induced Ngb expression in H/R rat models. The neuroprotection of DEX-mediated Ngb up-regulation may be achieved by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Findings indicated that DEX may be useful as an effective therapy for neonatal hypoxic brain injury.Fibroblasts are the chief secretory cells of the extracellular matrix (ECM) responsible for basal deposition and degradation of the ECM under normal conditions. During stress, fibroblasts undergo continuous activation, which is defined as the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, a cell type with an elevated capacity for secreting ECM proteins. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane glycoprotein and exerts effects that are both dependent and independent of its enzymatic activity. DPP4 has been demonstrated to define fibroblast populations in human skin biopsies of systemic sclerosis. Shedding of DPP4 from different tissues into the circulation appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of the diseases. The mechanism underlying soluble DPP4-induced dermal fibrosis has not been clearly determined. The effects of DPP4 on murine 3T3 fibroblasts and human dermal fibroblasts were evaluated by measuring the expression of fibrotic proteins, such as α-SMA and collagen. Soluble DPP4 stimulated the activation of fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner by activating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) signaling. Blocking proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) abrogated the DPP4-induced activation of NF-κB and SMAD and expression of fibrosis-associated proteins in fibroblasts. Linagliptin, a clinically available DPP4 inhibitor, was observed to abrogate the soluble DPP4-induced expression of fibrotic proteins. This study demonstrated the mechanism underlying soluble DPP4, which activated NF-κB and SMAD signaling through PAR2, leading to fibroblast activation. Our data extend the current view of soluble DPP4. Elevated levels of circulating soluble DPP4 may contribute to one of the mediators that induce dermal fibrosis in patients.
During the follow-up of patients recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the quarantine and observation period, some of the cured patients showed positive results again. The recurrent positive RT-PCR test results drew widespread concern. We observed a certain number of cured COVID-19 patients with positive RT-PCR test results and try to analyze the factors that caused the phenomenon.

We conducted an observational study in COVID-19 patients discharged from 6 rehabilitation stations in Wuhan, China. All observed subjects met the criteria for hospital discharge and were in quarantine. Data regarding age, sex, body mass index (BMI), course of disease, comorbidity, smoking status and alcohol consumption, symptoms in and out of quarantine, and intervention were collected from the subjects' medical records and descriptively analyzed. The main outcome of this study was the RT-PCR test result of the observed subjects at the end of quarantine (negative or positive). Logistic regression analysis was use, sex, and comorbidity and found out that comprehensive intervention was correlated with the recurrent positive RT-PCR test results. There was appreciably less recurrence in the comprehensive intervention group.

The factors related to positive RT-PCR test results in observed subjects recovered from COVID-19 were age, comorbidity, and comprehensive intervention, among which comprehensive intervention might be a protective factor.

Chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2000030747.
Chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2000030747.
Bee-venom acupuncture (BVA) has been widely applied to various disorders including pain-related diseases; however, patients are often warned of adverse reactions such as anaphylaxis. This study aimed to estimate the risk of hypersensitivity reactions to BVA and to determine their clinical features.

We retrospectively surveyed the medical records of patients treated by BVA between January 2010 and April 2019 in Dunsan Hospital of Daejeon University, and all cases of allergic reactions and their clinical symptoms were analyzed.

A total of 8,580 patients (males 4,081 and females 4,499) were treated with BVA which amounts to a total of 60,654 treatments (average 7.1 ± 14.8 times). A total of fifteen patients (7 males and 8 females) reported an allergic reaction (0.175%, 95% CI, 0.086-0.263) of type 1 hypersensitivity, indicating a rate of allergic reaction in 0.025% (95% CI, 0.012-0.037) of the total BVA treatments. The average number of BVA treatments in those patients was 6.9 ± 6.5 (males 4.1 ± 3.4 and females 9.
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