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Treatment of ADHD in Adults
Treatment for adhd in adults focuses on medication, therapy and family support. Clinical trials are being conducted to test new treatments for ADHD.
Stimulant medications are the most effective drugs for adults suffering from ADHD. They require monitoring regularly. This includes regular appointments with a physician and frequent examinations of symptoms.
Medications
Numerous medications can be used to alleviate symptoms of ADHD in adults. They are referred to as psychostimulants. they work by changing the levels of certain chemicals in your brain (neurotransmitters) that transmit messages between nerve cells. Your doctor will select the right medication for you and determine the most effective dose and time to take it. It may take a while to determine the appropriate dosage and medication that is able to control your symptoms.
The first medication that doctors prescribe to adults suffering from ADHD is stimulants. These medications increase the amount of dopamine in your brain and norepinephrine which helps you to control your thoughts and focus. They are available in short-, intermediateand long-acting varieties. Short-acting stimulants last around 6 hours, intermediate-acting drugs last between 8 and 10 hours, while long-acting drugs last up to 16 hours. Long-acting stimulants are less likely to cause side effects than shorterand intermediate-acting medicines, but they can still cause an increase in appetite and sleepiness.
Nonstimulant medications, like atomoxetine (Strattera), can be used to treat adult ADHD when stimulants aren't effective or cause unwanted adverse side consequences. These medicines do not affect your norepinephrine or dopamine however they do increase the amount of norepinephrine and improve your focus. These capsules are consumed once or twice daily.
Many people with ADHD also have other psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. These conditions are known as comorbidities, and they can influence how you respond to ADHD treatment. Before starting treatment for ADHD it is important to address any comorbid issues. Patients with a history of substance abuse disorders are more likely to abuse psychostimulants. For this reason, it is generally recommended to wait until the person has quit using substances before considering treatment with stimulants for ADHD.
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy involves talking and discussing topics that are troubling or disturbing for a person. The therapist listens to the person and provides guidance based on his or her training, education as well as experience as well as professional qualifications and therapeutic theories. Psychotherapy can be short-term, (a couple of weeks or months) and can address more immediate issues, or longer-term. The therapist and patient decide on the length and frequency of therapy.
Psychotherapy and medication are a highly effective way to treat adults suffering from ADHD. Behavioral therapy helps people improve their ability to manage their time, organize and prioritizing. It can also teach techniques to manage emotions, such as anger and frustration. The use of medication can help reduce symptoms, improve focus and lead to better work and academic performance.
Adults who suffer from ADHD have a higher likelihood of co-existing illnesses. This is especially true for mood disorders like depression and anxiety. It is important that any co-existing conditions be treated prior to starting treatment for ADHD. The treatment of co-existing disorders may require different types of medications and dosages than the ones used to treat ADHD.
A person suffering from ADHD may also be suffering from hypertension. Choosing a medication that treats the ADHD symptoms but does not affect the patient's tentatively controlled hypertension requires knowledge of how various medications affect individuals over time and an understanding of the interactions between various medications.
It is important to choose an professional with whom you share a an excellent relationship and who has experience treating adults suffering from ADHD. It is important to schedule your initial sessions at a time that you aren't distracted by family or work obligations.
Counseling
Adults who suffer from ADHD have many difficulties in their lives, such as problems in their relationships and at work. The person who has ADHD might also experience frustration, anger and guilt that has been accumulated over time. A variety of psychosocial treatments have been proven effective in helping them and their families learn new attitudes, skills and ways of connecting.
Cognitive behavioral therapy is a kind of psychotherapy that helps people change their habits and thoughts. It involves goal-setting, training and practice of skills, and strategies for teaching that help improve organization and self-esteem. adhd treatment for adults can be done individually or in a group. Metacognitive therapy has been proven to significantly reduce symptoms in adults with ADHD and improve their functioning (Stevenson et al., 2002).
In addition to psychotherapy, some people with ADHD also require counseling to address specific issues. This could include family conflict, impulsive and aggressive behavior, or difficulties dealing with failures and disappointments. Counseling can help develop skills to manage these situations, improve communication, and improve problem-solving skills. It can also improve relationships, especially in marriages and other long-term partnerships.
Other types of psychotherapy for ADHD include family therapy and supportive group therapy. These can help families cope with the stress of having a child with ADHD, as well as help improve communication and reduce conflicts. It can aid parents to understand the disorder, and develop parenting techniques that promote positive outcomes for their children.
Adults suffering from ADHD should discuss their medications regularly with their physicians and disclose any other medications, including over the prescription drugs. Certain medications may interact with certain medications or cause adverse effects that are exacerbated by other medicines.
Medication Monitoring
After a comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis is made, it is important that the patient be monitored to ensure that he or she is receiving the benefits of the medication and is not experiencing adverse effects. It is recommended that a patient be referred for a first clinical examination within 30 days of initiating treatment and then every month following that. This allows for a thorough adjustment of psychostimulants like methylphenidate and amphetamines to a safe, effective dose. This allows for accurate registration of the patient's response and helps to avoid keeping sensitive patients on insufficient doses (slow metabolism) or forcing those who require higher doses on excessively high levels (rapid metabolizers).
For holistic treatment for adhd who are unable to respond well to stimulant medication or experience uncontrollable side effects the use of nonstimulant medications might be suggested. This typically involves the use of atomoxetine, or other related alternatives to methylphenidate.
Adults with ADHD frequently suffer from co-occurring disorders like mood disorder or anxiety disorder, substance abuse problems or depression. They may also suffer from medical conditions like hearing or vision problems or chronic sleep disorders. As part of the initial evaluation for ADHD it is essential to detect such conditions and evaluate them. These conditions could have a significant impact on functional impairments in adults.
ADHD can also be treated through marital therapy. Couples often say that they feel overwhelmed by the responsibilities of caring for their spouses with ADHD and can become resentful and angry in the process. Reducing resentment can be achieved by enhancing the patient's awareness of their condition, and helping them to understand that the symptoms are not the result of a lack in affection or willfulness. Couples who undergo this type of therapy are more likely to have better family functioning.
Behavioral Therapy
Psychotherapy for adults with ADHD is generally advised. It should include a behavioral and cognitive component. Behavioral therapy helps patients improve their focus, organization skills, and control impulsive behaviors. It helps patients learn to manage their work, social, and home situations more efficiently. Psychotherapy can also help patients understand how their condition affects various aspects of their lives and relationships. This helps reduce the shame and low-esteem that are commonly seen in people suffering from ADHD. They might be perceived by others as lazy or unintelligent.
Many psychiatric disorders may mimic ADHD symptoms. Adult ADHD patients are more likely to be suffering from anxiety disorders and depression. If needed, the presence of other mental disorders should be evaluated to determine whether ADHD symptoms are a result of them.
Adults with ADHD are usually treated using an amalgamation of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. It has been established that the combination of psychotherapy and medication yields better results than either therapy alone. Future controlled medication studies should aim to track and measure functional improvements such as improved performance at work, school, and interpersonal relationships.
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