Notes

Erratum: Single-dose Toxic body of Water-soluble Ginseng Pharmacopuncture Inserted Intramuscularly inside Rats.
Glu851Lys, as well as the genetic association of PPRCA to include HK1. While PPRCA has been previously reported to be associated with CRB1 gene, no previous relationship to the HK1 gene has been described.
This case describes a pathogenic variant in HK1, a gene that has been associated with RP, but has not been previously reported in association with the PPRCA phenotype. This expands the phenotypes associated with HK1 pathogenic variant, p.Glu851Lys, as well as the genetic association of PPRCA to include HK1. While PPRCA has been previously reported to be associated with CRB1 gene, no previous relationship to the HK1 gene has been described.
Melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) responds poorly to currently-available therapies, with continued chronic decline in visual function being the norm, despite treatment. The purpose of this report is to describe the excellent response of a patient with MAR to a triple therapy regimen of rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), and intravitreal corticosteroids.

Single interventional case report describing management of melanoma-associated retinopathy and the patient's response to this treatment. Mepazine Retinal function was monitored by serial visual acuity, fundus exams, Goldmann visual fields, and electroretinography.

A 65-year old man presented with new onset photopsia, decrease visual acuity and nyctalopia in both eyes in the setting of recently-diagnosed stage IIIB melanoma, initially treated with wide local excision and adjuvant interferon. He was diagnosed with melanoma-associated retinopathy that initially worsened during his course of interferon for treatment of the melanoma. We initiated triple therapy of rituximab, IVIg and intravitreal corticosteroids, and this resulted in full return of electroretinography function and resumption of 20/20 visual acuity OU.

This is the first reported case of the utility of triple therapy with rituximab, IVIg, and intravitreal steroids for successful management of melanoma-associated retinopathy as demonstrated by improvement in acuity, symptoms, visual fields, and ERGs.
This is the first reported case of the utility of triple therapy with rituximab, IVIg, and intravitreal steroids for successful management of melanoma-associated retinopathy as demonstrated by improvement in acuity, symptoms, visual fields, and ERGs.
To describe the clinical findings and outcome of an unusual case of subfoveal yellowish deposits associated with excessive doses of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors intake.

Single retrospective case report.

A 50-year-old South American man with a personal history of multiple orally administered phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors drugs to treat a chronic erectile dysfunction complained of dyschromatopsia, photophobia and a three-months history of blurred vision. The fundus examination revealed a symmetrical yellowish lesion in both eyes with a subfoveal hyperreflective signal on the spectral domain optical coherence tomography at the level of the ellipsoid zone. Dysregulation of the blue-yellow axis was noticed in the color vision test and the electroretinogram demonstrated a tiny decrease in the b-wave amplitude. The use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors was discontinued and the patient was examined three months later. Optical coherence tomography revealed complete disappearance of the deposit in both eyes and the associated symptoms resolved rapidly with discontinuation of the drug.

A bilateral ellipsoid zone subfoveal focal thickening may be related to a yellowish symmetrical spot on the fovea in patients with a history of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors overdose intake. Functional and structural findings are reversible in a short-term period after discontinuing the oral treatment.
A bilateral ellipsoid zone subfoveal focal thickening may be related to a yellowish symmetrical spot on the fovea in patients with a history of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors overdose intake. Functional and structural findings are reversible in a short-term period after discontinuing the oral treatment.
To describe four eyes of three patients with presumed acute fovealitis to expand the clinical variants of this recently described disorder.

The patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including multimodal imaging and electrophysiological tests.

Three female patients aged from 18 to 24 years presented sudden central visual disturbances in one or both eyes. The visual acuity ranged from 20/25 to 20/70 in the affected eyes. All of them showed a subtle yellowish lesion in the foveola. Fundus autofluorescence and fluorescein angiography were unremarkable. Optical coherence tomography disclosed focal disarrangement of the outer retinal layers restricted to the fovea and hyperreflective lesions above the external limiting membrane. Multifocal electroretinography responses were attenuated. The electrooculogram response was normal. All patients recovered normal visual acuity and the outer retinal layers.

Attenuated multifocal electroretinography foveal response and normal electrooculogram are newly described clinical findings in patients with acute fovealitis.
Attenuated multifocal electroretinography foveal response and normal electrooculogram are newly described clinical findings in patients with acute fovealitis.
To demonstrate unique behavior of subretinal perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) following macular reattachment surgery.

An observational case report. Changes in visual functioning and consecutive optical coherence tomograms (OCTs) are described.

Following macular reattachment surgery with the aid of perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL), a small residual PFCL bubble, measuring 175µm in diameter, is noted beneath the fovea on OCT. During nine months of follow-up the bubble is shown to elongate and migrate towards the vitreous space. Once the bubble reaches the inner retinal surface, it gradually becomes smaller and disappears completely. We observed anatomical restoration of the retinal layers, and maintenance of fair visual acuity (20/32 feet) without scotoma.

This report shows the potential of PFCL to migrate through the retina towards the vitreous. Rather than opt for a second surgery to remove small PFCL bubbles, observation may be clinically appropriate in selected cases.
This report shows the potential of PFCL to migrate through the retina towards the vitreous.
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