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Exploring nordihydroguaretic acid solution (NDGA) like a credible neurotherapeutic within the trial and error model regarding autism range problems concentrating on nitric oxide supplements process.
Our contribution aims to provide an efficient solution to one of the major challenges of oral delivery of gastro-sensitive drugs, namely preventing their premature release and degradation in the gastric fluid in order to maximize the absorption in the small intestine. Our results show that a pH-responsive protein, i.e., succinylated β-lactoglobulin (BL), together with the key attributes of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), can synergetically reduce the release of the gastro-sensitive drug, omeprazole (OMP), in acidic pH and enhance the dissolution in intestinal pH conditions. Two families of MSNs were synthesized, MCM-48-based and dendritic-type MSNs, and both materials were additionally functionalized with trimethylsilyl groups to produce a hydrophobic surface that can further modulate the interaction of the MSNs with the succinylated protein in the nanoformulation. The methyl-functionalization of the MSNs also impacted on the physical state of the confined OMP and consequently on its release in near neutral pH. Our cytotoxicity screening revealed no particular mitochondrial dysfunction originating from the MSNs. Moreover, upon progressive release of the drug confined into dendritic-type MSNs, the cytotoxicity against tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells (Caco-2 and HCEC) was significantly lower in comparison to the drug pre-dissolved in DMSO and this, up to 8 h. V.The co-processing of multiple excipients is driven by the potential of diversifying the properties and functionality of excipients when they are combined. Bulk freeze-drying-milling is a novel secondary processing approach to develop co-processed excipients. It offers a significant advantage of formulation flexibility. This study was designed to systematically investigate the impact of 3 factors, hydroxylpropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) viscosity grade, mannitol to HPMC ratio and particle size fraction on the functional properties of freeze-dried (FD) mannitol-HPMC cushioning excipients produced for multi-unit pellet system tableting. Based on the results, the investigated formulation variables were significant in determining the functional properties of the FD-mannitol-HPMC cushioning excipients. Among the formulations, FD-mannitol-HPMC F4M (31 ratio) excipients exhibited the best cushioning performance. It was postulated that the protective effects of the cushioning excipient were brought about by its propensity for rearrangement around the coated pellets to reduce detrimental pellet-pellet contact and ability to absorb damaging compressive forces. Conversely, FD-mannitol-HPMC vLV (31 ratio) had cushioning effects but showed short disintegration time while maintaining adequate tablet tensile strength. Overall, the results of this study highlighted the impact of formulation variables on the functional properties of the cushioning excipients, arising from an interplay of the freeze-dried particle properties. V.Neuraminidase (NA) is one of the targets for the development of new antivirals against the influenza virus. The recombinant Escherichia coli cells, namely the strains BL21(DE3)pLysS and ArcticExpress(DE3) were used to produce the influenza virus neuraminidase. Although the different conditions of induction were tested, the accumulation of over-expressed NA in insoluble fraction occurred independently of these conditions. EHop-016 The level of over-expressed protein represents 26.15 % of the total cellular proteins. Therefore, the aim of these study was to design the procedure for isolation of recombinant neuraminidase from IBs and subsequently its solubilization and refolding to its native and active form. The highest purity of IBs (86 %) was achieved after repeatedly washing for at least five times with 2 M urea. The best solubilizing agent for releasing NA from IBs was the solution of 8 M urea at pH 8.0 with 94.8 ± 0.4 mg/L released proteins. The most appropriate buffer for refolding of solubilized NA was found to be 50 mM Tris-HCl at pH 7.5 (102 ± 24.2 mg proteins) and the addition of glycerol or arginine had no stimulating effect on protein recovery. The determination of non-glycosylated activity of refolded NA monomer (Km = 0.51 g/L; Vmax = 9.73 U/mg; kcat = 8.76 s-1) using fetuin as a substrate in the coupled enzyme reaction system was the highlight of this work. This procedure provides a way to produce active form of NA monomer by recombinant E. coli cells. Black pepper is an important commodity crop in Malaysia that generates millions of annual revenue for the country. However, black pepper yield is affected by slow decline disease caused by a soil-borne fungus Fusarium solani. RNA sequencing transcriptomics approach has been employed in this study to explore the differential gene expression in susceptible Piper nigrum L. and resistant Piper colubrinum Link. Gene expression comparative analysis of the two pepper species has yielded 2,361 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among them, higher expression of 1,426 DEGs was detected in resistant plant. These DEGs practically demonstrated the major branches of plant-pathogen interaction pathway (Path ko04626). We selected five groups of defence-related DEGs for downstream qRT-PCR analysis. Cf-9, the gene responsible for recognizing fungal avirulence protein activity was found inexpressible in susceptible plant. However, this gene exhibited promising expression in resistant plant. Inactivation of Cf-9 could be the factor that causes susceptible plant fail in recognition of F. solani and subsequently delay activation of adaptive response to fungal invasion. This vital study advance the understanding of pepper plant defence in response to F. solani and aid in identifying potential solution to manage slow decline disease in black pepper cultivation. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is cellulose produced by a few limited species of bacteria in given conditions. BC has many remarkable properties such as its attractive mechanical properties, water uptake ability and biocompatibility which makes it a very desirable material to be used for wound healing. Inherently due to these important properties, the material is very resistant to easy processing and thus difficult to produce into useful entities. Additionally, being rate limited by the dependency on bacterial production, high yield is difficult to obtain and thus secondary material processing is sought after. In this review, BC is explained in terms of synthesis, structure and properties. These beneficial properties are directly related to the material's great potential in wound healing where it has also been trialled commercially but ultimately failed due to processing issues. However, more recently there has been increased frequency in scientific work relating to BC processing into hybrid polymeric fibres using common laboratory fibre forming techniques such as electrospinning and pressurised gyration.
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