Notes

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When presented with the opportunity to provide a commentary on this Special Issue of Healthcare Quarterly on patient safety, we thought it would be particularly powerful to bring together those with intimate lived experience of patient safety incidents. As such, this submission is being brought to you by two patients whose lives have been irrevocably altered by medical mishaps, along with a physician who has spent a considerable portion of his career advancing and integrating the patient voice on patient safety issues. Copyright © 2020 Longwoods Publishing.Patients for Patient Safety Canada (PFPSC) member engagement has evolved from individual stories to having 27 patients and family members actively participating in the National Patient Safety Consortium. PFPSC collaborated with 270 other stakeholders in governance, leadership and action teams to design, implement and evaluate the National Patient Safety Consortium and Integrated Patient Safety Action Plan. There were several key outputs, including a patient engagement guide. This article illustrates how patients were meaningfully engaged in a large-scale change initiative, highlighting the experiences of the patient partners and organizational partners in this transformational change. Copyright © 2020 Longwoods Publishing.From 2014 to 2018, the Canadian Patient Safety Institute brought together key partners and established the National Patient Safety Consortium to drive a shared action plan for safer healthcare. With ongoing consensus development on key priorities, an unprecedented level of collaboration and shared leadership with diverse stakeholders and patients and families as full partners, the Consortium and its Integrated Patient Safety Action Plan built a culture of engagement and improvement across Canada. Copyright © 2020 Longwoods Publishing.Patient safety has come a long way since the release of the 1999 Institute of Medicine report To Err Is Human. This report revealed the immense size of the problem of preventable adverse events - events that in the past we assumed were "just complications" occurring in the normal course of diagnosis and treatment. Simultaneously, shining the light on patient safety "took the lid off quality." Those of us involved in healthcare provision always had a commitment to providing high-quality care, yet the focus of many key stakeholders on the importance of high-quality healthcare had been limited. The focus tended to be disproportionately on the rising cost of healthcare rather than a balanced focus on quality. Now, we respect the imperative of achieving high-quality healthcare. Copyright © 2020 Longwoods Publishing.Potential hazardous effects caused by non-biodegradable plastics are considered to be one of the most widely discussed and notable challenges of the 21st century. To address this particular problem, immense efforts have been devoted to the preparation of biodegradable plastics material. This green approach mitigates the major drawbacks e.g. improper waste management, low degradation rates, waste accumulation in water reservoirs and harmful chemical reagents hence providing a natural, economical and biodegradable alternative to the customarily employed non-biodegradable plastics. This review provides an insight into recently engineered biodegradable plastics used for packaging applications. Properties such as barrier/permeation indexes, thermal, electrical and mechanical characteristics of the biodegradable plastics are considered in detail for developing an understanding regarding the fundamentals of biodegradable materials. Recent literature (2010-2018) was classified according to the composition and nature of the used material. Materials such as polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyhydroxybutyrate, polycaprolactone, starch and cellulose were comprehensively discussed along with their properties and blending agents.Background Telemedicine involves medical practice and information and communications technology. It has been proven to be very effective for remote health care, especially in areas with poor provision of health facilities. However, implementation of these technologies is often hampered by various issues. Among these, ethical and legal concerns are some of the more complex and diverse ones. In this study, an analysis of scientific literature was carried out to identify the ethical and legal challenges of telemedicine. Materials and Methods English literature, published between 2010 and 2019, was searched on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science by using keywords, including "Telemedicine," "Ethics," "Malpractice," "Telemedicine and Ethics," "Telemedicine and Informed consent," and "telemedicine and malpractice." Different types of articles were analyzed, including research articles, review articles, and qualitative studies. STING C-178 STING inhibitor The abstracts were evaluated according to the selection criteria, using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria, and the final analysis led to the inclusion of 22 articles. Discussion From the aforementioned sample, we analyzed elements that may be indicative of the efficacy of telemedicine in an adequate time frame. Ethical aspects such as informed consent, protection data, confidentiality, physician's malpractice, and liability and telemedicine regulations were considered. Conclusions Our objective was to highlight the current status and identify what still needs to be implemented in telemedicine with respect to ethical and legal standards. Gaps emerged between current legislation, legislators, service providers, different medical services, and most importantly patient interaction with his/her data and the use of that data.The exposure prediction component of the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Essentials model (paper version) was evaluated using field measurements from National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) reports. Overall 757 measured exposures for 94 similar exposure groups (SEGs) were compared with the COSHH Essentials predicted exposure range (PER). The SEGs were stratified based on the magnitude of measured exposures (high, medium, or low) and physical state of the substance (vapor or particulate). The majority of measured exposures observed involved low-level exposure to vapors; thus, overall findings from the current study are limited to low-level vapor exposure scenarios. Overall, the exposure prediction component of COSHH Essentials vastly overestimated low-level exposures to vapors. This study went beyond the scope of previous studies and investigated which model components led to the overestimation. It was concluded that COSHH Essential's tendency to overestimate was due to multiple complex interactions among model components.
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