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Growth and development of Calibration Designs to Predict Mean Nutritional fibre Dimension inside Llama (Lama glama) Fleeces along with Near Ir Spectroscopy.
Results With a scan time of ∼15 seconds per breathing state, 3D UTE-MRI allowed for sufficient imaging of both "plus" pathologies (atelectasis, inflammatory consolidation, and pulmonary hamartoma) and "minus" pathologies (congenital lobar overinflation, congenital pulmonary airway malformation, and air trapping). Color-coded maps of normalized signal intensity and ventilation increased diagnostic confidence, particularly with regard to "minus" pathologies. UTE-MRI detected new atelectasis in an asymptomatic CF patient, allowing for rapid and successful therapy initiation, and it was able to reproduce atelectasis and hamartoma known from multidetector computed tomography and to monitor a patient with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Conclusion 3D UTE-MRI using a stack-of-spirals trajectory enables combined morphologic and functional imaging of the lungs within ~115 second acquisition time and might be suitable for monitoring a wide spectrum of pulmonary diseases.Purpose Chest radiography is one of the most frequent x-ray examinations performed on children. Reducing the delivered dose is always a major task. The objective of our study was to determine the minimum dose to be delivered while maintaining the image quality of chest radiographs, using dose reduction simulation software. Materials and methods We included 60 children who had had a chest radiography in 5 groups established according to the diagnostic reference levels equitably represented by weight ranges. Selleck EMD638683 The software simulated for each radiograph 6 additional simulated photonic noise images corresponding to 100%, 80%, 64%, 50%, 40%, and 32% of the initial dose. The 360 radiographs were blindly scored by 2 radiologists, according to the 7 European quality criteria and a subjective criterion of interpretability, using a semiquantitative visual Lickert scale. Results There was no significant difference in scoring between the reference radiograph (100%) and simulated radiographs at 80% of the dose in children between 5 and 20 kg, 50% of the dose in children between 20 and 30 kg, and between simulated radiographs at 40% of the dose in children over 30 kg. Interobserver reproducibility was moderate to excellent. Conclusion Chest radiography dose might be reduced by 20% in children between 5 and 20 kg, 50% in children between 20 and 30 kg, and 60% in children over 30 kg, without any difference in the image quality appreciation. Software that produced simulated x-ray with decreasing delivered dose is an innovating tool for an optimization process.Background Four-dimensional (D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is limited by time-consuming and nonstandardized data analysis. We aimed to test the efficiency and interobserver reproducibility of a dedicated 4D flow MRI analysis workflow. Materials and methods Thirty retrospectively identified patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV, age=47.8±11.8 y, 9 male) and 30 healthy controls (age=48.8±12.5 y, 21 male) underwent Aortic 4D flow MRI using 1.5 and 3 T MRI systems. Two independent readers performed 4D flow analysis on a dedicated workstation including preprocessing, aorta segmentation, and placement of four 2D planes throughout the aorta for quantification of net flow, peak velocity, and regurgitant fraction. 3D flow visualization using streamlines was used to grade aortic valve outflow jets and extent of helical flow. Results 4D flow analysis workflow time for both observers 5.0±1.4 minutes per case (range=3 to 10 min). Valve outflow jets and flow derangement was visible in all 30 BAV patients (both observers). Net flow, peak velocity, and regurgitant fraction was significantly elevated in BAV patients compared with controls except for regurgitant fraction in plane 4 (91.1±29.7 vs. 62.6±19.6 mL/s, 37.1% difference; 121.7±49.7 vs. 90.9±26.4 cm/s, 28.9% difference; 9.3±10.1% vs. 2.0±3.4%, 128.0% difference, respectively; P less then 0.001). Excellent intraclass correlation coefficient agreement for net flow 0.979, peak velocity 0.931, and regurgitant fraction 0.928. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the potential of an efficient data analysis workflow to perform standardized 4D flow MRI processing in under 10 minutes and with good-to-excellent reproducibility for flow and velocity quantification in the thoracic aorta.Objective Many studies have reported that body composition might be associated with cardiovascular disease, but the issue has not been fully investigated in postmenopausal women. Methods This retrospective study comprised 582 postmenopausal women without a history of cardiovascular disease who visited the Health Promotion Center between May 2008 and February 2018. All women were screened for body fat composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis and for degree of coronary artery calcification (CAC) by multidetector computed tomography. In addition, multivariate analysis, integrated discrimination improvement, and category-free net reclassification improvement were performed. Results The level of triglycerides, and the waist-hip ratio (WHR) in participants with CAC (coronary artery calcium score [CACS] > 0) were higher than in participants with a CACS of zero points. When the participants were stratified into four groups according to WHR, participants with CAC (CACS > 0) increased significantly as WHR quartile increased. A multivariate analysis showed that older age (odds ratio [OR] 2.539; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.524-4.230; P less then 0.001), triglyceride level (OR 1.005; 95% CI 1.002-1.008; P = 0.003), WHR (OR 1.103; 95% CI 1.018-1.195; P = 0.017), and history of hypertension (OR 2.701; 95% CI 1.715-4.253; P less then 0.001) were significantly associated with CAC. The Brier score upon adding WHR to a clinical model was lower than that of the clinical model without WHR. Adding WHR to a clinical model better predicted CAC than a clinical model without WHR (C index 0.761, 95% CI 0.724-0.795, P less then 0.001; net reclassification improvement 0.195, P = 0.037; integrated discrimination improvement 1.02%, P = 0.043). Conclusions In asymptomatic postmenopausal women, WHR as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis was significantly associated with coronary atherosclerosis, supplementing information of usual clinical markers. Hence, WHR might be appropriate as a marker for early atherosclerosis.
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