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Twelve-Week Yoga exercise vs. Aerobic Bicycling Initiation in Exercise-free Healthy Topics: A Behavioral along with Multiparametric Interventional PET/MR Study.
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze pathologic characteristics, treatment, prognosis, and tumor EGFR and ALK mutation proportion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients aged less then 40 years at diagnosis. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data of NSCLC patients diagnosed at Taipei Veterans General Hospital (TPEVGH) between June 2007 and December 2014, aged less than 90 year at the time of the diagnosis. RESULTS We found 5,051 cases of NSCLC, including 168 patients who were younger than 40 years (younger group) and 4,883 patients aged ≥40 years (older group). We found that the younger group had a significantly higher proportion of the EGFR mutation (22.6% vs. 16.2%, p = 0.026) and the ALK mutation (4.2% vs. 0.5%, p less then 0.001) than the older group. Although the younger group included more stage IV patients (60.1% vs. 49.6%, p = 0.002), it had a better overall survival (OS) rate (one year 73.7% vs. 66.2%, p = 0.043; five year 44.4% vs. 33.7%, p = 0.004) (median survival time 55 vs. 26 months, p = 0.002). Regarding the histologic subtype of NSCLC, the younger group presented less frequent cases of squamous cell carcinoma (4.2% vs. 16.1%, p less then 0.001), while the adenocarcinoma subtype was similarly frequent in the two groups (76.8% vs. 76.5%, p = 0.924). CONCLUSION The OS rate in younger NSCLC patients was higher than that in the older NSCLC patients, despite the higher rate of stage IV NSCLC patients in the younger group. This survival benefit is most likely due to the higher proportion of the EGFR and ALK mutations and the corresponding tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment.BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the risk of developing sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer with that in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS A population-based, retrospective cohort study was performed using the Taiwan National Health Research Database databank. Patients selected for this study were diagnosed with hypopharyngeal cancer or NPC and treated with radiotherapy in the period from 2001 to 2004. Routine follow-up was conducted for 8 years (2004-2012), and the incidence of SSNL was calculated at the final follow-up. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the risk of developing SSHL between the hypopharyngeal cancer group and its control group (p = 1.000). In hypopharyngeal cancer and NPC groups, the rates of SSHL were 0.12% and 1.00%, respectively (p less then 0.001). The cumulative hazard of SSHL during the follow-up period was significantly higher in the NPC group than in the control group (p less then 0.001). CONCLUSION Radiotherapy in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer did not increase the risk of developing SSHL, but post-irradiation NPC was significantly associated with an increased incidence of SSHL.PURPOSE To assess the effectiveness of intracameral phenylephrine/ketorolac during cataract surgery compared with postoperative topical steroids in reducing incidence of postoperative clinical cystoid macular edema (CME) confirmed via optical coherence tomography (OCT), breakthrough iritis, pain, and photophobia. SETTING Ambulatory surgical center/clinical practice. DESIGN Retrospective 2-cohort study. learn more METHODS This study of cataract surgery patients compared the incidence of postoperative CME, breakthrough iritis, pain, and photophobia between patients receiving either intracameral phenylephrine/ketorolac 1.0%/0.3% during surgery or topical loteprednol 0.5% 2 days preoperatively, tapered postoperatively. Patients with prior CME or at high risk for postoperative CME, combined cataract/glaucoma surgery, and medication protocols different from those studied here were excluded. All eyes received bromfenac 2 days preoperatively and 10 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS The study enrolled 2218 eyes (n=1402). The phenylephrine/ketorolac treatment group included 1334 eyes (n=830) and the topical loteprednol control group included 884 eyes (n=572). The groups were comparable in age, race, gender, and perioperative characteristics. Clinical CME incidence was significantly lower in the phenylephrine/ketorolac group (0.52% vs 1.47%, P=0.021). The phenylephrine/ketorolac group also had significantly lower breakthrough iritis (1.72% vs 4.86%, P less then 0.001) and pain (1.27% vs 4.19%, P less then 0.001) than the topical loteprednol group. The incidence of photophobia trended lower for the phenylephrine/ketorolac group relative to the topical loteprednol group (0.90% vs 1.13%, respectively , P=0.590) but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Intracameral phenylephrine/ketorolac and topical NSAIDs without postoperative topical steroids significantly reduced postoperative clinical CME, breakthrough iritis, and pain after cataract surgery when compared with conventional perioperative topical steroids and NSAIDs.PURPOSE To assess safety of phenylephrine and ketorolac (PE/K) 1.0%/0.3% compared to phenylephrine (PE) 1.0% in children ages 0 to 3 years undergoing cataract surgery. The effect of PE/K to PE on intraoperative pupil diameter and postoperative pain were also compared. SETTING Multicenter study in the United States. DESIGN Randomized double-masked Phase 3 clinical trial. METHODS This study was powered to assess safety only. Depending on randomization, 4 mL of PE/K 1.0%/0.3% or PE 1.0% were injected into the surgical irrigation solution. Safety endpoints were assessed up to 90 days postoperatively. From surgical videos, a masked central reader measured change in pupil diameter from immediately prior to incision to wound closure. Postoperative pain was measured using Alder Hey Triage Pain Score at 3, 6, 9, and 24 hours following wound closure and recorded by parent/caregiver. RESULTS Seventy-two patients received masked intervention. There were no notable changes in vital signs or ophthalmological complications in either group. Mean change in pupil diameter was similar between PE/K 1.0%/0.3% and PE 1.0% (mean difference in AUC -0.071; P = 0.599). Postoperative ocular pain scores and overall mean scores were lower in PE/K group at all individual time points, and differences in overall mean scores were statistically significant at 6 and 24 hours (P=0.029 and 0.021, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Phenylephrine and ketorolac 1.0%/0.3% was safe for use in children and maintained mydriasis during cataract surgery. Postoperative pain levels were lower in the PE/K 1.0%/0.3% group.
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