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OBJECTIVES Syringe Distribution Programs (SDPs) are a well-proven public health response to the spread of HIV and other blood borne illnesses among people who inject drugs. Many SDPs in the United States are required to collect data from service users as a condition of either legal authorization to operate or as a condition of funding. We sought to describe the prevalence of such externally mandated data collection and impact on service delivery at syringe distribution programs (SDPs) in the United States via an online survey. METHODS Online survey of SDPs in the US. RESULTS 63 SDPs participated. 95•2% collected data about individual service users, with 76•7% being mandated to do so by an external entity as a condition of legal authorization, and/or as a condition of funding. Only 21•7% of mandated respondents received any report back on how data was used. 60•0% reported that data collection acted as a barrier to providing syringes to people who use drugs due to service user fears about loss of anonymity and/or law enforcement. 33•3% reported that the computer literacy and language skills required to collect data meant otherwise appropriate members of the community could not he hired as staff or volunteers. CONCLUSIONS Data collection at SDPs may act as a barrier to service provision to populations at high risk for HIV and other blood born viruses, and place considerable logistic burdens on often under-resourced public health programs. Further, it is often unclear to SDPs what purpose their data is being put to. We argue that to be ethical, the purpose of data collection should be carefully considered and regularly reviewed to ensure data is being put to meaningful purpose which is commensurate with impacts on service delivery. Mutations in the gene encoding the mitochondrial carrier protein SLC25A46 are known to cause optic atrophy associated with peripheral neuropathy and congenital pontocerebellar hypoplasia. We found novel biallelic SLC25A46 mutations (p.H137R, p.A401Sfs*17) in a patient with Parkinson's disease and optic atrophy. Screening of six unrelated patients with parkinsonism and optic atrophy allowed us to identify two additional mutations (p.A176V, p.K256R) in a second patient. All identified variants are predicted likely pathogenic and affect very conserved protein residues. These findings suggest for the first time a possible link between Parkinson's Disease and SLC25A46 mutations. Replication in additional studies is needed to conclusively prove this link. The small-pore framework sodium stannosilicate AV-10, chemical composition Na2SnSi3O9·2H2O and known crystallographic structure, was synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization. This stannosilicate is built up of a three-dimensional network of corner-shared SiO4 tetrahedra and SnO6 octahedra. The SnO6 sites are linked to six SiO4 tetrahedra (Sn(6Si)) while each of the two crystallographically different SiO4 units are connected to two SnO6 and SiO4 units (Si(2Si,2Sn)). This material was used as model compound for developing a solid-state MAS NMR strategy aimed on the challenges and possibilities for structural studies, particularly considering the short and medium range order to verify the connectivity of SiO4 and SnO6 of such compounds despite the low natural abundances of 4.68% for 29Si and 8.59% for 119Sn nuclei as a real challenge. 29Si119Sn and 119Sn29Si REDOR (Rotational-Echo Double-Resonance) NMR measurements after 1H cross-polarization (CP) were carried out. The REDOR curves show a significant chanRNAs play diverse roles in formation and function of subnuclear compartments, most of which are associated with active genes. NEAT1 and NEAT2/MALAT1 exemplify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) known to function in nuclear bodies; however, we suggest that RNA biogenesis itself may underpin much nuclear compartmentalization. Recent studies show that active genes cluster with nuclear speckles on a genome-wide scale, significantly advancing earlier cytological evidence that speckles (aka SC-35 domains) are hubs of concentrated pre-mRNA metabolism. We propose the 'karyotype to hub' hypothesis to explain this organization clustering of genes in the human karyotype may have evolved to facilitate the formation of efficient nuclear hubs, driven in part by the propensity of ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) to form large-scale condensates. The special capacity of highly repetitive RNAs to impact architecture is highlighted by recent findings that human satellite II RNA sequesters factors into abnormal nuclear bodies in disease, potentially co-opting a normal developmental mechanism. Whether explicitly mentioned or not, imagination plays a key role in social movements. People's dissatisfaction with what is, their imagining of how things once were better, or of how things may become, often supports social movements. Social movements can, in turn, bring about new imaginations for people. After defining the notion of imagination and social movements, drawing on recent research, we review the literature along three main axes the role of temporality in the relation between social movements and imagination; the relation between collective identities, social movement and imagination; and the resources that support imagination and social movements. We conclude by highlighting further dimensions to analyse the dynamics of imagination, which may open new ways to analyse the trajectories of social movements. selleck chemicals BACKGROUND Subclinical anxiety symptoms are associated with risk of impaired mental and physical health status, ventricular tachyarrhythmias and mortality, in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). This study evaluates the validity of the brief and new 4-item Anxiety Scale (ANX4) and its predictive value in relation to health status 12-months post ICD implantation. METHODS A total of 288 ICD patients completed the ANX4 questionnaire. Factor analysis was performed to assess the validity of the scale. In a subsample of N = 212 patients, regression analysis was performed to assess questionnaires' predictive value of health status at 12-months follow-up. RESULTS Analyses of the ANX4 revealed a one-factor structure with a high internal consistency (α = 0.894). The ANX4 correlated significantly with existing generic and disease specific measures of anxiety symptoms STAI-S (r = 0.62), GAD-7 (r = 0.58), HADS-A (r = 0.66) and ICD related concerns (ICDC) (r = 0.44). Baseline anxiety symptoms were associated with lower levels of physical (β = -0.
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