Notes

Knockdown of spherical RNA VANGL1 stops TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition inside melanoma tissues simply by splashing miR-150-5p.
To evaluate and compare the hemodynamic responses of resistance exercise (RE) performed with repetitions to failure vs. VS-6063 not to failure in individuals with hypertension.

Twenty participants were randomly allocated to perform three experimental sessions a RE session performed with repetitions to failure (RF); a RE session performed with repetitions not to failure (NRF); and a non-exercise control session (Con). RE sessions were composed of four sets of 10 repetitions in four exercises involving large muscle groups. To ensure that the sets could be performed with RF or NRF, intensities corresponding to 75% and 50% of one-repetition maximum test were adopted in RF and NRF sessions, respectively. The Con was performed in seated rest. Blood pressure and rate-pressure product were measured before, during and after the experimental sessions for 1 h.

SBP and DBP decreased after NRF compared with Con (systolic post 1 h -7.7 ± 1.1 mmHg, P < 0.001; diastolic post 1 h -4.2 ± 0.7 mmHg, P = 0.001), and after RF compared with Con (systolic post 1 h -8.2 ± 1.3 mmHg, P < 0.001; diastolic post 1 h -7.4 ± 1.4 mmHg, P < 0.001). No significant difference was found in blood pressure between RF and NRF sessions after 1 h. Rate-pressure product was lower during NRF compared with RF (P = 0.001), suggesting a higher cardiovascular demand during the RF session.

The RF and NRF sessions are equally effective to promote post-exercise hypotension. In addition, NRF session can reduce cardiac demand during the exercise and should be recommended in adults with hypertension.
The RF and NRF sessions are equally effective to promote post-exercise hypotension. In addition, NRF session can reduce cardiac demand during the exercise and should be recommended in adults with hypertension.
The trajectories of pulse pressure (PP) might affect the prognosis of malignant hypertensive nephropathy (MHN). We aimed to describe the association between PP trajectories and the future risk of end-stage renal disease and to identify and compare the associated patient characteristics of any distinct trajectory patterns in MHN patients.

Patients with newly diagnosed biopsy-proven MHN 2010-2015 were included. Latent class growth analysis was applied to the PP measured over 3 years prior to biopsy to identify distinct trajectories. Concurrent systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, plasma creatinine, and 24-h urine protein measurements for each trajectory group were modelled using generalized estimating equations. The risk of end-stage renal disease (with kidney replacement therapy as a proxy) was estimated using Logistic regression.

Two hundred three patients were included (median-age 34 years, and 19.7% female). A two-group cubic model was optimal, with trajectories distinguished by the rate of PP and absolute level at final measurement. Trajectory Group-1 (n = 84) was characterized by 'first-increased-then-decreased' PP and trajectory Group-2 (n = 119) was characterized by 'first-decreased-then-increased' PP over 3 years prior to biopsy. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, plasma creatinine, and 24-h urine protein were differed by the trajectory group. Baseline characteristics differed substantially between trajectory groups. Compared with Group-1, Group-2 had a 66% greater risk of developing into end-stage renal disease in the subsequent 3 years.

Two distinct 3-year trajectories for PP exist with MHN. Early introduction of intensive antihypertensive treatment might delay the development of end-stage renal disease among patients with malignant hypertension.
Two distinct 3-year trajectories for PP exist with MHN. Early introduction of intensive antihypertensive treatment might delay the development of end-stage renal disease among patients with malignant hypertension.Green, MS, Kimmel, CS, Martin, TD, Mouser, JG, and Brune, MP. Effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse on resistance exercise performance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2020-A carbohydrate mouth rinse (CMR) has been shown to enhance short duration endurance performance and raises the possibility that a similar strategy could improve performance during resistance exercise. Eighteen male and female (N = 36) resistance trained subjects (mean values ± SD; age 21.5 ± 1.6 years, height 1.72 ± 0.09 m, body mass 72.8 ± 13.4 kg, and body fat 16.7 ± 5.8%) performed 3 experimental visits during which bench press resistance exercise (4 × 10 repetitions at 65% of 1 repetition maximum [1RM] with 120 seconds recovery) and repetitions to failure at 60% 1RM were performed. Subjects rinsed 25 ml of water (WAT), noncaloric placebo (PLA), or 6.4% maltodextrin (CHO) solution for 10 seconds during exercise in a crossover, counter-balanced manner. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), pleasure-displeasure (FS), number of repetitions to fatigue (REPS), and postexercise blood glucose (GLU) and lactate (LA) were measured. Compared with WAT (17.7 ± 0.8), PLA (19.0 ± 0.7; p = 0.025), and CHO (18.7 ± 0.8; p = 0.039) resulted in higher REPS, with no difference between PLA and CHO treatments (p = 0.310). Rating of perceived exertion progressively increased each set (p less then 0.0001), but was not affected by treatment (p = 0.897). Pleasure-displeasure declined during recovery from sets 3 and 4 (p less then 0.05) but was also not affected by treatment (p = 0.692). Postexercise GLU (p = 0.103) and LA (p = 0.620) were not different between treatments. Although a placebo effect was present for REPS, this study failed to detect an effect of CMR on REPS, RPE, FS, GLU, or LA on upper-body resistance exercise.Nickerson, BS, Williams, TD, Snarr, RL, Garza, JM, and Salinas, G. Evaluation of load-velocity relationships and repetitions-to-failure equations in the presence of male and female spotters. J Strength Cond Res 34(9) 2427-2433, 2020-The purpose of this study was 2 fold (a) to determine whether differences in mean concentric velocity (MCV), repetitions-to-failure (RTF), measured 1 repetition maximum (1RM), and 1RM prediction methods vary between lifter and spotter sex and (b) determine the accuracy of velocity-based 1RM (MCV1RM) and repetitions-to-failure-based 1RM (RTF1RM) prediction equations in the presence of either a male or female spotter. Twenty resistance-trained individuals (50% men) participated in this study. The initial 2 visits involved measuring 1RM for the bench press with a male or female spotter. Visits 3 and 4 required subjects to lift loads at 30 (5-repetitions), 50 (5-repetitions), and 70% 1RM (RTF) in the presence of a male or female spotter. Velocity-based 1RM was determined through individual regression equations using the submaximal loads (MCV30, MCV50, and MCV70).
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