Notes

Cashew Fanatic Shell Water (CNSL) being a Source of Medicines regarding Alzheimer's Disease.
In this work, we present a theoretical model to predict the ultimate strength of nanotwinned face-centered cubic (fcc) metals based on the activation energy for phase transformation (i.e., between the matrix and the twinned counterpart) mediated by the migration of 112-type step on Σ3(111) twin boundaries. By integrating the Hall-Petch strengthening and grain boundary sliding into this model, we can accurately predict the strength of four representative nanotwinned (nt) fcc metals (nt-Cu, nt-Ag, nt-Ni, and nt-Al) within a broad range of grain sizes including the so-called nanocrystalline-nanotwinned regime. This framework is built on material parameters which directly connect the theoretical calculations with experimental measurements and reveals new insights into the design of ultrastrong metals and alloys.When engineering microscopic machines, increasing efficiency can often come at a price of reduced reliability due to the impact of stochastic fluctuations. Here we develop a general method for performing multiobjective optimization of efficiency and work fluctuations in thermal machines operating close to equilibrium in either the classical or quantum regime. Our method utilizes techniques from thermodynamic geometry, whereby we match optimal solutions to protocols parametrized by their thermodynamic length. We characterize the optimal protocols for continuous-variable Gaussian machines, which form a crucial class in the study of thermodynamics for microscopic systems.Current models of phoretic transport rely on molecular forces creating a "diffuse" particle-fluid interface. We investigate theoretically an alternative mechanism, in which a diffuse interface emerges solely due to a nonvanishing correlation length of the surrounding solution. This mechanism can drive self-motility of a chemically active particle. Numerical estimates indicate that the velocity can reach micrometers per second. The predicted phenomenology includes a bilinear dependence of the velocity on the activity and a possible double velocity reversal upon varying the correlation length.We report gapless quantum spin liquid behavior in the layered triangular Sr_3CuSb_2O_9 system. X-ray diffraction shows superlattice reflections associated with atomic site ordering into triangular Cu planes well separated by Sb planes. Muon spin relaxation measurements show that the S=1/2 moments at the magnetically active Cu sites remain dynamic down to 65 mK in spite of a large antiferromagnetic exchange scale evidenced by a large Curie-Weiss temperature θ_CW≃-143  K as extracted from the bulk susceptibility. Specific heat measurements also show no sign of long-range order down to 0.35 K. The magnetic specific heat (C_m) below 5 K reveals a C_m=γT+αT^2 behavior. The significant T^2 contribution to the magnetic specific heat invites a phenomenology in terms of the so-called Dirac spinon excitations with a linear dispersion. From the low-T specific heat data, we estimate the dominant exchange scale to be ∼36  K using a Dirac spin liquid ansatz which is not far from the values inferred from microscopic density functional theory calculations (∼45  K) as well as high-temperature susceptibility analysis (∼70  K). The linear specific heat coefficient is about 18  mJ/mol K^2 which is somewhat larger than for typical Fermi liquids.Spin-orbital-angular-momentum (SOAM) coupling has been realized in recent experiments of Bose-Einstein condensates [Chen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 113204 (2018)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.121.113204 and Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 110402 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.122.110402], where the orbital angular momentum imprinted upon bosons leads to quantized vortices. For fermions, such an exotic synthetic gauge field can provide fertile ground for fascinating pairing schemes and rich superfluid phases, which are yet to be explored. Here we demonstrate how SOAM coupling stabilizes vortices in Fermi superfluids through a unique mechanism that can be viewed as the angular analog to that of the spin-orbit-coupling-induced Fulde-Ferrell state under a Fermi surface deformation. Remarkably, the vortex size is comparable with the beam waist of Raman lasers generating the SOAM coupling, which is typically much larger than previously observed vortices in Fermi superfluids. With tunable size and core structure, these giant vortex states provide unprecedented experimental access to topological defects in Fermi superfluids.Optical approaches to quantum computation require the creation of multimode photonic quantum states in a controlled fashion. Here we experimentally demonstrate phase locking of two all-optical quantum memories, based on a concatenated cavity system with phase reference beams, for the time-controlled release of two-mode entangled single-photon states. Dubermatinib price The release time for each mode can be independently determined. The generated states are characterized by two-mode optical homodyne tomography. Entanglement and nonclassicality are preserved for release-time differences up to 400 ns, confirmed by logarithmic negativities and Wigner-function negativities, respectively.The Nambu-Goldstone (NG) modes in a nonrelativistic system can be classified into two types from their characteristic features being of either an odd (type I) or an even (type II) power energy-momentum dispersion. Conventionally, the type-II NG modes may universally arise from spontaneous breaking of noncommutative symmetry pairs. Here, we predict a novel type of quadratically dispersed NG modes that emerges in mixed s and p band Bose superfluids in an optical lattice and, unlike the conventional type-II NG modes, cannot be solely interpreted with the celebrated symmetry-based argument. Instead, we show that the existence of such modes has a profound connection to the topological transition on projective complex order-parameter space. The detection scheme is also proposed. Our Letter reveals a new universal mechanism for emergence of type-II NG modes, which bridges intrinsically the Landau symmetry-breaking and topological theories.
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