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India's Nationwide Plan about Anti-microbial Level of resistance: a crucial viewpoint.
We announce here the first complete chloroplast genome sequence of Lagerstroemia balansae, a plant species with extremely small populations rated the level of EN (Endangered) in China. This complete chloroplast genome is 152316 bp in size. In total, 130 genes were identified, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes. The result of phylogenetic analysis strongly supported that L. balansae was closely related to L. tomentosa.The complete mitochondrial genome of Cercopithecus neglectus was described. The mitogenome is 16,490 bp in length and consists 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer-RNA genes, two ribosomal-RNA genes, and one non-coding region. All the 13 PCGs were 11,398 bp in length with most common start codon of ATG and termination codon of TAA. The overall GC content was 42.5%. The result of phylogenetic analysis showed that the relationship of C. neglectus was close to C. mona, C. pogonias, C. wolfi and C. denti.The complete chloroplast genome of Farfugium japonicum, which belongs to tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae) was characterized. The size of the chloroplast genome is 151,222 bp in length with a large single copy (LSC) of 83,417 bp, a small single copy (SSC) of 18,125 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats of 24,840 bp. The chloroplast genome encodes a set of 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenomic analysis based on chloroplast genomes of 18 related species revealed that F. japonicum is clustered with species from Ligularia and rooted with the other Senecioneae genus. The chloroplast genome of Farfugium japonicum provides an important resource for further study of molecular evolution.The family Trichoceridae is a small group in Nematocera (Diptera) with 157 known species in the world. In this study, we report a complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a Trichoceridae species, which is a circular molecule of 16,094 bp with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a 1063 bp long non-coding region (control region). Eight gene overlaps ranging from 1 to 8 bp in length and 16 small non-coding intergenic spacers ranging from 1 to 77 bp in length are found in the mitochondrial genome. The canonical start codons (ATN) for invertebrate mitochondrial genomes are found in 11 PCGs, except for COI which uses TTG and ND5 uses GTG. Stop codons of 12 PCGs are invariably complete TAA and TAG, while COII ends with a single thymine stop codon. Twenty-two tRNAs ranges from 64 bp to 72 bp, and the rRNAs are determined to be 1326 bp in length for lrRNA and 788 bp in length for srRNA. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the family Trichoceridae is a sister-group to the remaining Tipulomorpha, and the relationship between the other families is Pediciidae + (Limoniidae + (Cylindrotomidae + Tipulidae)).The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Actinidia latifolia was sequenced and assembled using Illumina pair-end sequencing data. The cp genome is 157,021 bp in length and comprises a large single copy (LSC) region of 88,557 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 21,562 bp separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 23,451 bp. A total of 113 unique genes were identified, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on cp genomes of 20 Actinidiaceae species revealed that A. latifolia was evolutionarily close to A. eriantha, A. styracifolia, and A. fulvicoma.The spiny frog Quasipaa robertingeri is endemic to a narrow region of southwest China and its taxonomic validation is still controversial. Based on COI gene sequences of 110 individuals from seven populations of Q. robertingeri and its related species, we investigated the phylogenetic position and population genetic structure of the species. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that Q. robertingeri was deeply genetically separated from its closely related species Q. boulengeri, indicating the validation of the species. All samples of Q. robertingeri were clustered into two divergent lineages. Haplotype network, AMOVA, and genetic distance estimations also supported the separations of the two groups. Neutrality tests indicated that one lineage has been likely independently experienced a recent population expansion, leading to a secondary contact area between the two lineages.In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa was mapped and determined based on Illumina sequencing data. The complete cp genome is 161,606 bp and contains a pair of inverted repeat regions of 26,479 bp each, a large single-copy region of 89,292 bp, and a small single-copy region of 19,356 bp. It harbors 112 unique genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 4 ribosomal RNA genes, and 30 transfer RNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on cp genomes indicates that the cp genome of wild Z. jujuba Mill. var. spinosa is similar to that of cultivated Z. jujuba and closely related to that of Z. incurva of the family Rhamnaceae.Galega officinalis L. is a perennial herb of the Fabaceae family. The flowers of G. officinalis L. are colorful and suitable for ornamental purposes. It can be used as a food complement for animals and humans, and it could promote lactation in animals and humans. In this study, we obtained the complete chloroplast genome of G. officinalis L. and found it is 125,086 bp in length. The GC content of this genome is 34.18%. Among the 112 unique genes in the chloroplast genome of G. officinalis L., 30 tRNA, 4 rRNA and 78 protein-coding genes were successfully annotated. We constructed the maximum likelihood (ML) tree with 26 species, and concluded that G. buy NSC 23766 officinalis is phylogenetically closely related to the genus of Cicer, Glycine and Desmodium.In this study, we first determined and characterized the complete mitochondrial genome of longlegged spiny lobster Panulirus longipes from South China Sea. The P. longipes mitogenome is 15,739 bp long, and consists of 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and one control region. The nucleotide composition of P. longipes mitogenome is significantly biased (A, G, T, and C was 32.06%, 14.36%, 32.42%, and 21.16%, respectively) with A + T contents of 64.48%. Among 13 PCGs, COX1 gene used an unusual initiation codon CAA, COX1, COX2, ND4 and CYTB genes were ended with an incomplete stop codon T, and ND5 gene with an abnormal stop codon ATT. One microsatellite (C)10 was identified in P. longipes mitogenome located in the control region. Phylogenetic tree showed that P. longipes was first clustered with Panulirus cygnus, then together with P. japonicus and P. argus.
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