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Cancer, accounts for around 10 million deaths annually, is the second leading cause of death globally. The the continuous emergency of drug-resistant cancers and the low specificity of anticancer agents are the main challenges in the control and eradication of cancers, so it's imperative to develop novel anticancer agents. Immense efforts have been made in developing new lead compounds and novel chemotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of various forms of cancers in recent years. β-Lactam derivatives constitute versatile and interesting scaffolds for the drug discovery since this kind of compounds possess a variety of pharmacological properties, and some of them exhibited promising potency against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cell lines. Thus, β-lactam moiety is a useful template for the development of novel anticancer agents. This review will provide an overview of β-lactam derivatives with potential therapeutic application for treatment of cancers covering articles published between 2000 and 2020. The mechanisms of action, the critical aspects of design and structure-activity relationships are also discussed. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] nano-particles are described in nano scale and made from either pure metals or their compounds such as oxides. Metallic nano-particles have certain indistinct functional group due to which these can bind with any type of ligand, antibody and drugs. Organic polymers, which conduct electricity, are called conducting polymers (intrinsically conducting polymers). They behave like semiconductors by exhibiting metallic conductivity. Process-ability is the major advantage of the conducting polymers. Nano-composite is a novel material having nano-fillers scattered in a matrix with morphology and interfacial characteristics of nano-composites including their individual parents' property that influence their characteristics. Conducting polymers and nano-particles composites can enhance the rate of electron transport between the current collector material (electrode) and the electrolyte; therefore have been employed in construction of improved electrochemical sensors such as amperometric, catalytic and potentio- dynamic affinity sensors. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is the early preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous study provided an invaluable contribution by showing that a tactile angle discrimination system can be used to distinguish between healthy older individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD. However, that study paid little attention to the relationship between tactile angle discrimination and SCD. Therefore, a means of differentiating normal controls (NCs), elderly subjects with SCD, patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and AD is urgently needed. METHODS In the present study, we developed a novel tactile discrimination device that uses angle stimulation applied to the index finger pad to identify very small differences in angle discrimination between the NC (n = 30), SCD (n = 30), aMCI (n = 30), and AD (n = 30) groups. Using a three-alternative forced-choice and staircase method, we analyzed the average accuracy and threshold of angle discrimination. RESULTS We found that accuracy significantly decreased while thresholds of angle discrimination increased in the groups in the following order NC, SCD, aMCI, and AD. TanshinoneI The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve also indicated that the tactile angle discrimination threshold was better than Mini-Mental State Examination scores in distinguishing NC individuals and SCD patients. CONCLUSION These findings emphasize the importance of tactile working memory dysfunction in explaining the cognitive decline in angle discrimination that occurs in SCD to AD patients and offer further insight into the very early detection of subjects with AD. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] We previously demonstrated that the reduced expression in immortalized cells (REIC)/dikkopf-3 (Dkk-3) gene was downregulated in various malignant tumors, and that an adenovirus vector carrying the REIC/Dkk-3 gene, termed Ad-REIC induced cancer-selective apoptosis in pancreatic cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of Ad-REIC in biliary cancer using a second-generation Ad-REIC (Ad-SGE-REIC). METHODS Human biliary cancer cell lines (G-415, TFK-1) were used in this study. The cell viability and apoptotic effect of Ad-SGE-REIC were assessed in vitro using an MTT assay and Hoechst staining. The anti-tumor effect in vivo was assessed in a mouse xenograft model. We also assessed the therapeutic effects of Ad-SGE-REIC therapy with cisplatin. Cell signaling was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS Ad-SGE-REIC reduced cell viability, and induced apoptosis in biliary cancer cell lines via the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. Ad-SGE-REIC also inhibited tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. This effect was further enhanced in combination with cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS Ad-SGE-REIC induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth in biliary cancer cells. REIC/Dkk-3 gene therapy using Ad-SGE-REIC is an attractive therapeutic tool for biliary cancer. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) exhibit heightened sensitivity to rewarding stimuli and elevated activity in reward-related brain regions, including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), ventral striatum (VS) and insula, during food-cue exposure. BED has also been associated with altered patterns of functional connectivity during resting-state. Investigating neural connectivity in the absence of task stimuli provides knowledge about baseline communication patterns that may influence the behavioural and cognitive manifestation of BED. Elevated resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between reward-related brain regions may contribute to uncontrolled eating bouts observed in BED, through heightened food-cue sensitivity and food-craving. The impact of homeostatic state on rsFC of the reward system has not yet been investigated in people with BED. Homeostatic dysfunction is a key driver of excessive food consumption in obesity, whereby rsFC between reward-related brain regions does not attenuate during satiety.
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