Notes

The two-step organizing approach to improve use of moderate complexity treatments with regard to community supplementary health-related.
To investigate the efficacy of Yiqigubiao pill (YQGB) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rats with the COPD induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette- smoke fumigation.

In this study, six groups of rats were set up, including control group, model group, positive control group (aminophylline) and YQGB (high, medium and low doses) groups. Tracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette-smoke fumigation induced COPD in rats. The general condition, incubation period and coughing times, lung function, level of inflammatory factors, leukocyte condition and pathological changes of bronchus and lung tissue were observed in rats of each group.

In the COPD rats, the latent period of coughing was shortened and the cough frequency was increased significantly; the pulmonary function was significantly decreased, which was manifested by the increased lung tissue resistance and respiratory system resistance, and the decreasing percentage of forced expiratory volume and forced expiratory volume in the 0.3 s (FEV0.3/FVC); the contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-4 in serum were obviously increased, and the NEUT% in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was significantly increase. YQGB could obviously prolong the latent period of cough, and reduce the cough frequency and the content of TNF-α in serum. YQGB can also significantly reduce respiratory resistance and increase FEV0.3/FVC value. The results of histopathology showed that YQGB significantly reduced the pathological changes of tracheal mucosa and lung caused by COPD. YQGB obviously increased level of AQP1, which was down-regulated in the COPD rats.

YQGB could significantly improve the pulmonary function, reduce inflammation and alleviate lung and bronchial diseases in the COPD rats.
YQGB could significantly improve the pulmonary function, reduce inflammation and alleviate lung and bronchial diseases in the COPD rats.
To investigate the efficacy of Chinese medicines on Qi stagnation and blood stasis in rats with myocardial ischemia.

Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10) as follows (a) sham operation (Sham), (b) myocardial ischemia (Model), (c) treatment that regulates Qi (Qi), (d) treatment that promotes blood circulation (Blood), (e) treatment that both regulates Qi and promotes blood circulation (QB). see more The rat model was established via activities restriction for 6 h followed by tail clamp stimulation for 5 mins every day for 7 d and occlusion left coronary anterior descending artery. Afterwards rats were treated with medicines that regulate Qi and/or promote blood circulation via gavage for 14 d. Behavioral parameters were evaluated using open field and elevated plus-maze tests. The tongue color and sublingual vein were visually examined. Blood flow perfusion of tongue and auricle were detected using PIM Ⅱ. The mesenteric microcirculation was examined via capillaroscopy, and hemodynamiar ± dp/dtmax, decreased serum CKMB, Hcy, ET-1 levels, and reduced myocardial ultrastructural damage.

Myocardial ischemia damage was suppressed by Traditional Chinese Medicines that regulate Qi and promote blood circulation.
Myocardial ischemia damage was suppressed by Traditional Chinese Medicines that regulate Qi and promote blood circulation.
To observe the intervention of Chushizi (Fructus Broussonetiae) (CSZ) on drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in rats, as well as indicators of liver function, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, and expression of proteins and mRNA associated with toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway in the liver [TLR3, janus protein tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2), c-jun, c-fos, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2), and STAT3].

Forty specified pathogen free grade Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the silybin group and the CSZ group. Rats were given acetaminophen (APAP) to trigger DILI. Histopathologyof the liver was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), direct bilirubin (DBIL), and total bilirubin (TBIL) in serum were detected by a semi-automatic biochemical instrument. Content of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-13, and IL-22 in serum were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the expression of TLR3, phosphorylation of JAK2 (p-JAK2), while c-jun and c-fos proteins in the liver were determined by immunohistochemistry; expression of JNK2, and STAT3 in the liver were assayed by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. P-JNK2 and p-STAT3 in the liver were assayed by Western blot.

After treatment, the activity of ALT, AST, and concentrations of TBIL, DBIL, TNF-α, IL-6, as well as IL-13 in serum, were lower than those in the model group, and expression of p-JAK2, TLR3, c-jun, c-fos, p-STAT3, and p-JNK2 could be downregulated.

Our findings suggest that CSZ is a valid medicine to alleviate APAP-induced DILI, while its partial mechanism may regulate the TLR3/JNK/ c-jun/c-fos/JAK/STAT3 pathway.
Our findings suggest that CSZ is a valid medicine to alleviate APAP-induced DILI, while its partial mechanism may regulate the TLR3/JNK/ c-jun/c-fos/JAK/STAT3 pathway.
To investigate the efficacy of Cyclocarya paliurus (C. paliurus) polysaccharides on stre- ptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats.

Rats were divided into 6 groups, including group of normal control, group of diabetic control, group of metformin treatment, low-dose group of C. paliurus polysaccharides treatment, middle-dose group of C. paliurus polysaccharides treatment and high-dose group of C. paliurus polysaccharides treatment. Histological analysis of kidney was analyzed using hematoxilin and eosin. Levels of blood glucose, creatinine, urea, uric acid were determined by spectrophotometry. Anti-oxidative enzymes were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) level was measured by ELISA.

Abnormal changes were observed in the group of diabetic control characterized by atrophy of the renal glomeruli with hypercellularity, congestion of glomerular tufts, dilation of the renal spaces, and degeneration of renal tubule.
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