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Multiallelic Rare Variations within BBS Genes Help a great Oligogenic Ciliopathy in the Non-obese Juvenile-Onset Syndromic Diabetic Affected individual: An incident Record.
Diabetes mellitus is an endocrinal disorder affecting worldwide and the disease incidence is rising alarmingly high. The effects of diabetes on tooth development are explored by limited studies and their molecular insights are very rarely studied. This systematic review is aimed to provide the best scientific literature source on the molecular insights into odontogenesis in hyperglycemic environment caused by diabetes mellitus or by maternal diabetes on the offspring. The literature search was conducted on the databases, namely PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane, and Scopus. The original studies exploring the alterations in the molecular pathways of odontogenesis in diabetes mellitus were selected. Data were extracted, chosen, and evaluated by two independent researchers. At the end of thorough data search, four articles were eligible for the review. Three articles brought out the molecular pathways involved in the offspring of gestational diabetes through animal models. Fourth article was an in vitro study, whcular insight.Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles, released from different tissues in a living individual. By virtue of their ability to be released from both the normal and diseased individual, they play an inevitable role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic aspect of a disease. With this background, the untapped role of exosomes in the field of oral and maxillofacial region is unveiled.Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease, pathogenic bacteria being the primary etiological agents. The host response and the severity of clinical manifestation are determined by genetic and environmental factors. There is some evidence that the individual response to environmental variations in the immune response in periodontitis is associated with genetic factors. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes located in the extracellular matrix. Their primary function is the breakdown of connective tissue components. Their role in the oral cavity is very vital. In this literature review, we summarized the contemporary knowledge on the function of MMPs in oral cavity and periodontal disease.
The dental pulp contains undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, blood vessels and so on, which are responsible for routine functions of a tooth. The determination of stemness and regenerative properties using biomarkers and further application in routine practice may unravel its potential.

original research articles published in English, from 2000 to 2019, were collected both manually and by electronic search from databases of Cochrane, Medline, Embase, and PubMed.
articles other than English and review manuscripts were omitted. The shortlisted articles were reviewed for specific biomarkers, to assess the regenerative potential, stemness, and lineage of dental pulp stem cells.

Of 512 articles, 64 were selected and reviewed to determine the mesenchymal, neurogenic, vasculogenic, hematopoietic, and stem cell potential. On the basis of the search analysis, a panel of markers was proposed.

The application of proposed markers, on a pulpectomized tissue derived from human teeth, may be helpful to determine the regenerative potential and the usefulness in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
The application of proposed markers, on a pulpectomized tissue derived from human teeth, may be helpful to determine the regenerative potential and the usefulness in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.Preserving the natural dentition in its normal form and function is one of the major goals of endodontic treatment. Idasanutlin Re-establishing the lost vitality and development of root maturation in immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis/apical periodontitis is quiet challenging clinically. The very basis of regenerative endodontics relies on the concept of tissue engineering using stem cells, biomimetic scaffold, and bioactive growth factors to regenerate the pulp tissue damaged by microbial infection, injury, or developmental defects. In clinical endodontics, this approach is referred to as a "paradigm shift." Even though repair instead of true regeneration is achieved with current protocols, it is hoped that further research in the area of stem-cell-based tissue engineering will allow for true regeneration and improved treatment outcomes. The aim of this review is to discuss about the various aspects of regenerative endodontics, current clinical protocols, and the future of pulp regeneration techniques.Titanium and its alloys are mainly used in manufacturing dental implants. The fact that titanium implants are immunologically very effective, new methods are being experimented to achieve utmost success rate as a biomaterial. One fundamental indicator for clinical achievement of implant is the decision of composition decided for the implant with the objective to improve osseointegration. The main objective of this study was to explore literature on dental materials used for implants, contrast them with titanium dental implants, with the aim to improve osseointegration and mechanical quality using Ti-Ga-Si dental implant.
The aim of this study was to verify whether there is significant relationship between stages of mandibular canine calcification and skeletal maturation and to determine whether the same can be used as a reliable diagnostic aid to assess skeletal maturity.

The sample consisted of 50 males and 50 females aged between 8 and 15 years. Two radiographs namely orthopantomograph and handwrist radiograph were taken for this study. Skeletal age was ascertained from handwrist radiographs according to the method introduced by Fishman L.S. The developmental stages of mandibular canine were assessed according to Demirjian's stages of dental calcification.

The relationship between canine stage calcification and skeletal maturity index was statistically significant in all stages.

Mandibular canine calcification stages can be recommended as a supplemental diagnostic aid. Similar studies may be conducted in different population to rule out any possible racial and regional influences on growth characteristics.
Mandibular canine calcification stages can be recommended as a supplemental diagnostic aid.
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