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The proposed principle can be readily applied to dielectrophoresis-based devices for biomedical sample preparation or diagnosis such as the separation of rare or infected cells from a blood sample. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.RATIONALE The offline coupling of high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) with atmospheric sample analysis probe - Mass Spectrometry (ASAP-MS) was evaluated for the characterization of polymeric additives in gasoline. METHODS A protocol was developed to optimize the ion signal. A glass capillary was moistened with deionized water and then, dipped into the silica gel scratched from the HPTLC plate. SAR405838 The capillary tube was fixed to the ASAP probe holder and introduced in the ionization source for analysis by mass spectrometry. Silica gel, reverse phase C18 and cellulose stationary phases were evaluated. RESULTS The effect of the stationary phase and the nature of analyte were evaluated using polypropylene glycol (PPG) and polyisobutylene succinimide polyamine (PIBS) as analyte molecules. The optimal ionization conditions are significantly different between ASAP and HPTLC/ASAP-MS analyses. In particular, higher desorption gas temperature was required to produce ions from the silica gel HPTLC plate. The presence of stationary phase reduces the internal energy of the ions and limits the fragmentation. CONCLUSION HPTLC/ASAP-MS is a very fast and efficient technique for the analysis of polymers in formulated fuels. Good ionization efficiency was obtained with all investigated stationary phases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The obvious contradiction between the high local concentration-based substrate reactivity and free diffusion-based high reaction efficiency was still one of the important challenges in chemistry. Herein, we proposed an efficient aggregation-induced synergism via hydrophobic-driven self-assembly of amphiphilic oligonucleotides to generate high local concentration and retain high reaction efficiency via hydrophobic-based aggregation, which is important to construct the efficient DNA nanomachines for ultrasensitive strategy. With microRNA 155 as a model, it could trigger a strand displacement amplification with the DNA monomers on the 3D DNA nanomachine and generate an amplified fluorescent response for its sensitive assay. The local concentration of the substrates was increased at least a 9.0 × 10 5 fold via hydrophobic interaction-based self-assembly in comparison with the traditional homogeneous reaction system, performing high local concentration-based and free diffusion-based enhanced reaction efficiency. As expected, the aggregation-induced synergism via hydrophobic-driven self-assembly of amphiphilic oligonucleotides performed excellent properties to generate 3D DNA nanomachine for microRNA 155 assay in cells. Most importantly, this approach could be easily expanded for the bioassay of various biomarkers, such as nucleotides, proteins and cells, offering a new avenue for the simple and efficient application in bioanalysis and clinical diagnosis. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.PURPOSE To address the systematic bias in whole-brain dual flip angle (DFA) T1 -mapping at 7T by optimizing the flip angle pair and carefully selecting radiofrequency (RF) pulse shape and duration. THEORY AND METHODS Spoiled gradient echoes can be used to estimate whole-brain maps of T1 . This can be accomplished by using only two acquisitions with different flip angles, that is, a DFA-based approach. Although DFA-based T1 -mapping is seemingly straightforward to implement, it is sensitive to bias caused by incomplete spoiling and incidental magnetization transfer effects. Further bias is introduced by the increased B0 and B 1 + inhomogeneities at 7T. Experiments were performed to determine the optimal flip angle pair and appropriate RF pulse shape and duration. Obtained T1 estimates were validated using inversion recovery prepared echo planar imaging and compared to literature values. A multi-echo readout was used to increase signal-to-noise ratio, enabling quantification of R 2 ∗ and susceptibility, χ. RESULTS Incomplete spoiling was observed above a local flip angle of approximately 20°. An asymmetric gauss-filtered sinc pulse with a constant duration of 700 μs showed a sufficiently flat frequency response profile to avoid incomplete excitation in areas with high B0 offsets. A pulse duration of 700 μs minimized effects from incidental magnetization transfer. CONCLUSION When performing DFA-based T1 -mapping one should (a) limit the higher flip angle to avoid incomplete spoiling, (b) use a RF pulse shape insensitive to B0 inhomogeneities and (c) apply a constant RF pulse duration, balanced to minimize incidental magnetization transfer. © 2020 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.PURPOSE To interleave global and local higher order shimming for single voxel MRS. Single voxel MR spectroscopy requires optimization of the B0 field homogeneity in the region of the voxel to obtain a narrow linewidth and provide high data quality. However, the optimization of local higher order fields on a localized MRS voxel typically leads to large field offsets outside that volume. This compromises interleaved MR sequence elements that benefit from global field homogeneity such as water suppression, interleaved MRS-fMRI, and MR motion correction. METHODS A shimming algorithm was developed to optimize the MRS voxel homogeneity and the whole brain homogeneity for interleaved sequence elements, using static higher order shims and dynamic linear terms (HOS-DLT). Shimming performance was evaluated using 6 brain regions and 10 subjects. Furthermore, the benefits of HOS-DLT was demonstrated for water suppression, MRS-fMRI, and motion corrected MRS using fat-navigators. RESULTS The HOS-DLT algorithm was shown to improve the whole brain homogeneity compared to an MRS voxel-based shim, without compromising the MRS voxel homogeneity. Improved water suppression over the brain, reduced image distortions in MRS-fMRI, and improved quality of motion navigators were demonstrated using the HOS-DLT method. CONCLUSION HOS-DLT shimming allowed for both local and global field homogeneity, providing excellent MR spectroscopy data quality, as well as good field homogeneity for interleaved sequence elements, even without the need for dynamic higher order shimming capabilities. © 2020 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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