Notes

[CME Skin care 23/Answers: Hidradenitis suppurativa].
Growth factor deficiency in adulthood constitutes a distinct clinical syndrome with significant morbidities including abnormal body composition, reduced energy, affective disturbances, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiovascular risk. Protein replacement therapies using recombinant proteins or enzymes represent the only approved treatment. Combinatorial antibodies have shown great promise as a new class of therapeutic molecules because they act as "mechanism-based antibodies" with both agonist and antagonist activities. Using leptin, a key hormone in energy metabolism, as an example, a function-guided approach is developed to select combinatorial antibodies with high potency and full agonist activity that substitute natural growth factors in vivo. The identified antibody shows identical biochemical properties and cellular profiles as leptin, and rescues leptin-deficiency in ob/ob mice. Remarkably, the antibody activates leptin receptors that are otherwise nonfunctional because of mutations (L372A and A409E). Combinatorial antibodies have significant advantages over recombinant proteins for chronical usage in terms of immunological tolerance and biological stability.Surface materials with specific wettability play significant roles in existing fields from environmental protection to biomedicine. Here, a 3D droplet transport microfiber textile with slippery liquid-infused porous surface is presented for medical drainage around wounds. The textile is fabricated by using a simple capillary microfluidic printing method to continuously spin polyurethane microfibers with liquid paraffin-infused porous surface and print them into a 3D-structure. Benefiting from the specific surface porous structure and oil encapsulation of the microfibers, aqueous droplets could be nondestructively and rapidly transported not only in simple single, double or multiple microfiber systems, but also in the microfibers composed stereoscopic textile through the microfluidic 3D printing. Based on this feature, it is demonstrated that the 3D slippery microfiber textile coupled with a vacuum sealing drainage therapy could significantly enhance the wound exudation drainage efficiency, reduce tissue injury, and prolong the effective service life in versatile wounds management. Thus, it is believed that the slippery microfiber textiles have potential for clinical applications.The recent theoretical prediction of a new compound, WB5, has spurred the interest in tungsten borides and their possible implementation in industry. In this research, the experimental synthesis and structural description of a boron-rich tungsten boride and measurements of its mechanical properties are performed. The ab initio calculations of the structural energies corresponding to different local structures make it possible to formulate the rules determining the likely local motifs in the disordered versions of the WB5 structure, all of which involve boron deficit. The generated disordered WB4.18 and WB4.86 models both perfectly match the experimental data, but the former is the most energetically preferable. The precise crystal structure, elastic constants, hardness, and fracture toughness of this phase are calculated, and these results agree with the experimental findings. Because of the compositional and structural similarity with predicted WB5, this phase is denoted as WB5- x . Previously incorrectly referred to as "WB4," it is distinct from earlier theoretically suggested WB4, a phase with a different crystal structure that has not yet been synthesized and is predicted to be thermodynamically stable at pressures above 1 GPa. Mild synthesis conditions (enabling a scalable synthesis) and excellent mechanical properties make WB5- x a very promising material for drilling technology.Hamiltonian parameters estimation is crucial in condensed matter physics, but is time- and cost-consuming. High-resolution images provide detailed information of underlying physics, but extracting Hamiltonian parameters from them is difficult due to the huge Hilbert space. Here, a protocol for Hamiltonian parameters estimation from images based on a machine learning (ML) architecture is provided. Rituximab in vivo It consists in learning a mapping between spin configurations and Hamiltonian parameters from a small amount of simulated images, applying the trained ML model to a single unexplored experimental image to estimate its key parameters, and predicting the corresponding materials properties by a physical model. The efficiency of the approach is demonstrated by reproducing the same spin configuration as the experimental one and predicting the coercive field, the saturation field, and even the volume of the experiment specimen accurately. The proposed approach paves a way to achieve a stable and efficient parameters estimation.It has been shown that the tumor population growth dynamics in a periodically varying environment can drastically differ from the one in a fixed environment. Thus, the environment of a tumor can potentially be manipulated to suppress cancer progression. Diverse evolutionary processes play vital roles in cancer progression and accordingly, understanding the interplay between these processes is essential in optimizing the treatment strategy. Somatic evolution and genetic instability result in intra-tumor cell heterogeneity. Various models have been developed to analyze the interactions between different types of tumor cells. Here, models of density-dependent interaction between different types of tumor cells under fast periodical environmental changes are examined. It is illustrated that tumor population densities, which vary on a slow time scale, are affected by fast environmental variations. Finally, the intriguing density-dependent interactions in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in which the different types of tumor cells are defined with respect to the production of and dependence on testosterone are discussed.Colored wide-bandgap semiconductor oxides with abundant mid-gap states have long been regarded as promising visible light responsive photocatalysts. However, their catalytic activities are hampered by charge recombination at deep level defects, which constitutes the critical challenge to practical applications of these oxide photocatalysts. To address the challenge, a strategy is proposed here that includes creating shallow-level defects above the deep-level defects and thermal activating the migration of trapped electrons out of the deep-level defects via these shallow defects. A simple and scalable solution plasma processing (SPP) technique is developed to process the presynthesized yellow TiO2 with numerous oxygen vacancies (Ov), which incorporates hydrogen dopants into the TiO2 lattice and creates shallow-level defects above deep level of Ov, meanwhile retaining the original visible absorption of the colored TiO2. At elevated temperature, the SPP-treated TiO2 exhibits a 300 times higher conversion rate for CO2 reduction under solar light irradiation and a 7.
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