Notes

Acute Mastoiditis in youngsters: Necessity along with Time regarding Image resolution.
OCT angiography (OCT-A) allows non-invasive blood flow registration of the retina and choroid. In contrast to fluorescein angiography (FA), no dye has to be administered. The OCT-A also provides depth-selective information. OCT-A and FA were compared in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) stage 1. In stage 1, the neovascularizations are intraretinal. In contrast to the two-dimensional total image of the FA, the OCT-A allows a depth-selective display of the individual retinal layers. In this way, a conclusion can be drawn about the place of origin of the RAP.

Three patients with neovascular AMD and RAP stage 1 were included. They were examined with OCT (ZEISS CIRRUS HD-OCT 5000, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, USA), OCT-A (ZEISS AngioPlex OCT-Angiography) as well as FA (HRA2, Heidelberg Engineering) between January 2016 and March 2019. A complete ophthalmological examination was performed. A qualitative analysis of the OCT-A imageshird patient showed one RAP lesion in the FA as well as in the OCT-A, which could be assigned to the superficial vascular plexus.

The OCT-A is well suited for the diagnosis of RAP stage 1. In the present cases, the diagnosis in the OCT-A could be made as clearly as by FA. A major advantage of the OCT-A results from the non-invasive character and the depth selectivity. The RAP 1 lesions could be assigned to both the superficial and the deep vascular plexus. Depth selection is not possible with the FA due to the summary picture.
The OCT-A is well suited for the diagnosis of RAP stage 1. In the present cases, the diagnosis in the OCT-A could be made as clearly as by FA. A major advantage of the OCT-A results from the non-invasive character and the depth selectivity. The RAP 1 lesions could be assigned to both the superficial and the deep vascular plexus. click here Depth selection is not possible with the FA due to the summary picture.
Characteristics of childcare centers influence the daily time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by children younger than 6 years. The study explores the characteristics of childcare centers and the behavior of staff that influence children's MVPA levels.

We used cross-sectional data from 8 childcare centers in the research project QueB 2. MVPA per day was measured with ActiGraph GT3X+accelerometers. Independent variables included were age, sex, staff MVPA levels and 8 items from a self-assessment-checklist for childcare centers. Hierarchical linear regression models were run with SAS.

Valid accelerometer data on 126 children (51.59% girls) were available. Girls spent a mean of 33.01, boys of 49.11 min per day in MVPA. Childcare centers accounted for only 1.72% of variance. Indoor space, rules concerning physical activity and staff participating in activities were significantly associated with children's MVPA.

Individual variables (age, sex) seem to have a greater influence on children's daily time spent on MVPA than childcare center characteristics and should be taken into account when implementing interventions to promote physical activity.
Individual variables (age, sex) seem to have a greater influence on children's daily time spent on MVPA than childcare center characteristics and should be taken into account when implementing interventions to promote physical activity.
Access to healthcare for newly arrived refugees and asylum seekers is organised differently in the municipalities throughout Germany, both with regard to the organisation of support services and the choice of an access model (electronic health card/eHC or healthcare voucher/HcV). Some German states and municipalities have introduced the eHC model in the last years. Using the example of North-Rhine Westphalia (NRW), Germany's largest state, we analyse how access to healthcare is organised from the point of view of refugees and what role the healthcare model (eHC vs. HcV) plays for their access to healthcare.

In 3 municipalities in NRW (2 with HcV and one with eHC), 31 interviews were conducted with refugees at 2 points in time (duration of stay in Germany ≤ 15 and > 15 months) in order to account for the different legal entitlements to healthcare. To include different perspectives and challenges, we ensured maximum variation of the interview partners with regard to age, gender, chronic diseases, pregnancy and parenthood. The interviews were conducted with the support of interpreters. The transcripts of the interviews were evaluated using computer-assisted content analysis (atlas.ti 8).

In municipalities with a HcV model, the approval process at the social welfare office leads to additional waiting time for (continued) treatment. The more direct access through the eHC model and the elimination of entitlement restrictions after 15 months of stay can facilitate access to care, especially for chronically ill refugees. Initial contact with the health system is usually facilitated by social workers, friends or family members.

The eHC model can facilitate access for refugees with higher healthcare needs. Further access barriers, such as the limited availability of interpreters, exist independently of the access model.
The eHC model can facilitate access for refugees with higher healthcare needs. Further access barriers, such as the limited availability of interpreters, exist independently of the access model.
In Germany, a number of people remain without health insurance, thus unable to access the formal health care sector. Reliable statistics covering the prevalence and description of uninsured patients, especially in the inpatient health care sector, are still lacking. Our study therefore aimed to assess the prevalence of uninsured patients at University Hospital of Essen over a period of five years. Furthermore, we report rates of identification of cost providers and refunded disbursement.

Uninsured patients from 2014-2018 were included. We defined the following subgroups for stratification according to the right of access to health insurance patients with right of access to health insurance in Germany, EU citizens, patients from third countries, patients without residence permit status.

Data of 918 uninsured patients (mean age 31.3±20.6 years, 52,1% men) from 2014 to 2018 were evaluated. Over five years, identification of cost provider was successful in 74% and yielded in a total refund of 7.5 million Euros.
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