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[Effects of pharmaceutical guidance for the effectiveness involving anticoagulation inside patients together with atrial fibrillation].
The color of the teeth is affected by chronological age due to the variations of the hard and soft tissue structure of the teeth. There are very few studies have assessed the shade of the Enamel and correlated it with the age changes. Hence the study aimed to assess the enamel shade with the aging in the individual.

The central incisors of 388 individuals (5-78 years) were assessed for tooth color using a VITA 3D master shade guide and the Hue, Value and Chroma were noted. Mean grey values of the teeth were obtained by image manipulation using Image J software and normalized using the values obtained from the 18% contrast grey card. Chi square tests and linear regression analysis is used to find associations with age and tooth shade variations.Results The teeth had higher score of Hue, Value and Chroma in older individuals. The tooth shade tended to shift towards redder hue with older age group. Simple linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation of age with normalized grey value in associaalues and shade guides can be a useful tool for age estimation.The scaling of hot water transport pipes has become one of the major problems encountered in Agadir's region, which exploits water of underground origin with very high hardness (40°F). Several methods can be used to prevent this phenomenon. Among these methods, the use of chemical inhibitors remains one of the processes to stop or retard the formation of scale deposits. In this study, we tested the inhibitor with the trade name "Aquatreat601" at different temperatures such as 30, 40 and 60 °C. This inhibitor was tested at different concentrations for each temperature in order to find the efficiency concentration to prevent the precipitation of scale, which consists mainly of calcium carbonate CaCO3 of the aragonite variety with a percentage of 88 %, and also the Mg-calcite Mg0.06Ca0.94(CO3) with a percentage of 12 %. These results obtained by method X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. We carried out this study on pure calco-carbonic water, of hardness equal to 40°F, using the "LCGE" method. The quantity of inhibitor is added before the research gas is introduced. In all cases, the presence of chemical inhibitors does not alter the initial pH of the solution or the concentration of calcium (TCa) value measured before the experiment begins. The results obtained show that the ''Aquatreat 601″ contents of 100, 180 and 300 ppm allowed total inhibition of calcium carbonate precipitation at temperatures of 30, 40 and 60 °C respectively.Soil fertility depletion is emerging as a serious challenge causing low crop yields and food insecurity in Ethiopia. An on-farm experiment was conducted in 2017/2018 cropping season to investigate the effects of combined application of compost and mineral fertilizer on selected soil properties and maize yield in North-western Ethiopia. Treatments were factorial combinations of three rates of Urea/NPSB (0/0, 50/50 and 100/100 kg ha-1) and three rates of compost (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1). The field experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that combined application of compost and mineral fertilizer significantly (p less then 0.05) increased soil pH, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), available sulphur (AS) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) compared to sole mineral fertilizer application and the control. On the other hand, there was significant (p less then 0.01) decrease in soil bulk density. Plots amended with 10 t ha-1 compost and 100/100 kg ha-1 Urea/NPSB provided the highest maize dry biomass (18.62 t ha-1) and grain yield (6.07 t ha-1). Conversely, the lowest biomass (5.70 t ha-1) and grain (1.17 t ha-1) yields were obtained from the control. The partial budget analysis also showed that the highest net benefit (32700 Birr ha-1) was obtained from combined addition of organic and mineral fertilizer which was significantly higher than applying the highest rate of sole mineral fertilizer (27438 Birr ha-1), highest rate of sole compost (9011.3 Birr ha-1) and the control (7660 Birr ha-1). Therefore, we concluded that integrated fertilizer management improves soil properties and crop yield in the highlands of north-western Ethiopia.The literature postulates that government subsidization of strategic R&D activities of profit maximising firms (PMFs) increases their shares in international markets. Will this also hold for labor-managed firms (LMFs) which are owned by employees and aim to maximize the profit per labor? This paper provides a theoretical model that examines how such governmental interventions can help LMFs in their home countries to compete better with PMFs in international markets. Our model shows that in most, but not all cases, investing more in R&D activities benefits LMFs by increasing their shares in international markets and decreasing the market share of their competitors. The optimal government R&D subsidy or tax for LMFs depends on the R&D elasticity of LMFs as well as how their competitors react to R&D investment. In contrast, the optimal government R&D subsidy for PMFs depends solely on the slope of the R&D reaction curve of their competitors. Our results present useful policy implications for those governments that seek ways to support LMFs - or more broadly cooperatives - to attain more sustained growth given their advantages over PMFs in the context of sustainable development.Chaga mushroom is one of the promising beneficial mushrooms thriving in the colder parts of Northern hemisphere. Chaga polysaccharides (IOP) have been reported to enhance immune response and alleviate oxidative stress during development. BAY2416964 However, the effects of IOP on the genotoxicity in model organisms are yet to be clarified. In this study, IOP was extracted using hot water extraction method, followed by GC analysis. Zebrafish embryos (12 h post fertilization, hpf) were exposed to transient UVB (12 J/m2/s, 305-310nm) for 10 s using a UV hybridisation chamber, followed by IOP treatment (2.5 mg/mL) at 24 hpf for up to 7 days post fertilization (dpf). The genotoxic effects were assessed using acridine orange staining, alkaline comet assay, and qRT-PCR for screening DNA repair genes. Significant reduction in DNA damage and amelioration of the deformed structures in the IOP-treated zebrafish exposed to UVB (p less then 0.05) was observed at 5 dpf and thereafter. The relative mRNA expressions of XRCC-5, XRCC-6, RAD51, and GADD45 were significantly upregulated, whereas p53 and BAX were downregulated in IOP-treated UVB-exposed zebrafish compared to UVB-exposed zebrafish.
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