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Nine-month Craze of Time-Varying Processing Numbers of COVID-19 throughout Gulf involving Iran.
Significant differences in knowledge and self-assessment of HH were found among study years and gender. The content analysis has revealed gaps in HH-related information in general medicine educational programme.

It is highly expected that there might be some association between low HH knowledge level, false self-assessment and educational programme in medical students.
It is highly expected that there might be some association between low HH knowledge level, false self-assessment and educational programme in medical students.
Despite advancing technology, national TB surveillance systems are still inadequate in terms of patient detection around the world. It was aimed to investigate suspicious cases detected by active surveillance method in pathology laboratories and to evaluate the effectiveness of this method in terms of finding new TB cases.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. It was administrated in Samsun, Turkey, between January 2012-December 2017. Within the scope of active surveillance, pathology laboratories were regularly visited and reported cases with granulomatous inflammation were assessed. The obtained patient list was compared with the records of the Electronic Tuberculosis Management System (ETMS). Patients who were not included in these records were invited to the dispensary and evaluated for TB. They were also referred to the relevant hospitals for diagnosis if necessary. Frequency values and descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS method.

It was found that 35.6% of 703 patients with the diagnosis of granulomatous inflammation were previously diagnosed, treated or currently undergoing treatment in the ETMS registry. As a result of the assessment of remaining 453 cases, 46 patients (10.1%) were newly diagnosed with TB. Newly diagnosed TB patients were reported, and their treatment started.

As a result, active surveillance method conducted in pathology laboratories are used to detect unknown or late reported TB cases and allows to start treatment without further delay.
As a result, active surveillance method conducted in pathology laboratories are used to detect unknown or late reported TB cases and allows to start treatment without further delay.
The aim of the study was to investigate the variation in breast and cervical cancer screening attendance among Czech women by age and in regions in 2009-2017.

The data from the health insurance company that covers around 50% of the Czech population were used to calculate age-specific attendance rates and standardized attendance rates by year and region.

In 2017, the attendance of all eligible women was 52% in breast cancer screening and 46% in cervical cancer screening. There were differences in attendance among groups of women. Women aged 45-49 had attendance rates in both screenings around 60%, while 39% of women aged 75-79 attended breast cancer screening, and 23% attended cervical cancer screening. see more In regions, attendance ranged from 38% to 70% in breast cancer screening and from 32% to 55% in cervical cancer screening.

We identified the age-specific differences and regional variation in both breast and cervical cancer screening attendance among Czech women. Those with lower attendance may have a higher risk of dying from breast and cervical cancers. Mitigating this risk should be a priority of public health policies.
We identified the age-specific differences and regional variation in both breast and cervical cancer screening attendance among Czech women. Those with lower attendance may have a higher risk of dying from breast and cervical cancers. Mitigating this risk should be a priority of public health policies.
Globally, child mortality from external causes is in decline, but it is still among the leading causes of child deaths. The aim of this first national study was to determine trends of mortality rates from external causes among children aged 1-14 years in Serbia.

Mortality data were collected from the database of the Statistical Office of Serbia. Joinpoint analysis was used to assess the average annual percentage change (APC) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) in mortality from 1997 to 2016.

In the 1997-2016 period, there were 1,388 child deaths from external causes. They contributed to 29.4% of child mortality in total, from 34.8% in 1997 to 21.8% in 2016. Mortality rate was two times higher among boys (8.1 per 100,000) than girls (4.1 per 100,000). Transport accidents (37.6%), followed by drowning and submersion (18.2%), represented more than half of all deaths due to external causes. Since 1997, mortality rate showed a significant downward trend in boys by -5.4% (95% CI -6.8 to -3.9) yearly for unintentional injuries and significantly by -10% (95% CI -19.0 to 0.1) yearly for intentional injuries. Among girls, death rate for unintentional injuries decreased significantly by -7.1% (95% CI -9.0 to -5.1) yearly and decreased insignificantly for intentional injuries by -2.1% (95% CI -15.3 to 13.1) yearly.

The external causes of death, despite the substantial decline in mortality, are still present among children aged 1-14 years in Serbia. Therefore, implementation of nationwide programmes for prevention of external causes of death is urgent.
The external causes of death, despite the substantial decline in mortality, are still present among children aged 1-14 years in Serbia. Therefore, implementation of nationwide programmes for prevention of external causes of death is urgent.Letter to the Editor, in response to the paper "Reproductive health of Roma women in Slovakia", Cent Eur J Public Health 2020 28(2)143-148.
Lichen planus (LP) is an idiopathic, chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, autoimmune dermatological disease. The etiopathogenesis of LP is still unclear. Autophagy is a strictly regulated lysosomal degradation pathway that is crucial for maintaining intracellular homeostasis and normal development. The dysregulation of autophagy-associated genes was recognized to increase the susceptibility to multiple diseases, including inflammation, autoimmune disorders and cancer.

Our study aimed to detect the expression of autophagy-related gene 9 b (ATG9B) in LP patients compared to normal control persons to investigate the possible role of autophagy in pathogenesis of this disease.

This case-control study included 30 LP patients and 30 age-, gender-matched healthy controls. Four millimeters punch skin biopsies were obtained from LP lesions and from the controls and they were kept in lysis solution for the stability of the studied parameters and were kept frozen at -80°C till analysis of ATG9B using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
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