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Epidemic and also risk factors regarding peripheral artery disease in the inhabitants together with long-term renal ailment nationwide: A planned out review along with meta-analysis.
This work aimed to study the electrification of biotrickling filters by means of Microbial electrochemical technologies (MET) to develop an easy-to-assemble and easy-to-use MET for nitrogen removal without external aeration nor addition of chemicals. Four different designs were tested. The highest ammonium and nitrate removal rates (94 gN·m-3·d-1 and 43 gN·m-3·d-1, respectively) were reached by combining an aerobic zone with an electrified anoxic zone. The standards of effluent quality suitable for hydroponics were met at low energy cost (8.3 × 10-2 kWh·gN-1). Electrified biotrickling filters are a promising alternative for aquaponics and a potential treatment for organic carbon-deficient ammonium-contaminated waters.Six artificial communities with different function or biodiversity were reconstructed by six typical bioleaching species for chalcopyrite leaching. Absence of sulfur oxidizers in communities significantly reduced copper extraction rates, and low diversity communities also exhibited slightly poor bioleaching performances. The variations of pH, redox potential, ferrous and copper ions indicated that the community with both sulfur oxidizers and high diversity showed fast adaptation to the environment and rapid dissolution of chalcopyrite. Integrated analysis of mineralogical and microbial parameters demonstrated that functional types of microorganisms made more contributions in mediating chalcopyrite dissolution than microbial diversity. Further correlation analysis between microbial types and chalcopyrite dissolution performances showed that sulfur oxidizers, especially Acidithiobacillus caldus, could greatly accelerate chalcopyrite dissolution by regulating solution physicochemical factors, such as redox potential and pH. This study provided a theoretical basis for improving bioleaching efficiency by balancing microbial functional types and biodiversity.A novel gas-pressurized (GP) torrefaction with high oxygen removal efficiency at mild temperature was proposed in our previous work. However, the optimal condition of the GP torrefaction and subsequent pyrolysis of the torrefied biomass were not clear. NXY059 In this work, the effect of pressure on the GP torrefaction and pyrolysis product properties of the torrefied biomass were studied in detail. The results show that the pressure increasing from 1.7 MPa to 5.0 MPa just slightly contributed to further oxygen removal, and 1.7 MPa was thus selected as the optimum pressure. The GP torrefaction significantly improved the product property of biomass pyrolysis compared to the conventional torrefaction (AP torrefaction). The acids content in bio-oil was reduced from 15-20% to less than 5%, and the calorific value of biogas increased to as high as 16.57-19.31 MJ/Nm3. Furthermore, an overall conversion mechanism of combined GP torrefaction and subsequent pyrolysis of biomass was proposed.Bio-based rhamnolipid production from waste streams is gaining momentum nowadays because of increasing market demand, huge range of applications and its economic and environment friendly nature. Rhamnolipid type biosurfactants are produced by microorganisms as secondary metabolites and have been used to reduce surface/interfacial tension between two different phases. Biosurfactants have been reported to be used as an alternative to chemical surfactants. Pseudomonas sp. has been frequently used for production of rhamnolipid. Various wastes can be used in production of rhamnolipid. Rhamnolipids are widely used in various industrial applications. The present review provides information about structure and nature of rhamnolipid, production using different waste materials and scale-up of rhamnolipid production. It also provides comprehensive literature on various industrial applications along with perspectives and challenges in this research area.Biological approaches play an important role in lignin valorization, whereas many issues in this area remain unclear. Herein, ligninolytic enzymes in Pseudomonas putida NX-1 were systematically unraveled based on genome sequence technology. Particularly, a dye-decolorizing peroxidase was systematically studied by heterologous expression, enzyme purification, and enzymatic characterization, which suggested it possessed activities on both synthetic dyes and lignin-derived aromatics. Moreover, a complete pathway for polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis was annotated, and the polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis capability of P. putida NX-1 was experimentally confirmed with lignin as the sole carbon source. Furthermore, the monomer compositions, molecular weights, and thermal properties of polyhydroxyalkanoate from glucose and lignin-derived aromatics were comprehensively determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that physical properties of polyhydroxyalkanoate prepared from glucose and lignin-derived aromatics were similar, which suggested lignin could be an alternative feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate production without compromising its quality.Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are present as both intracellular and extracellular fractions of DNA in the environment. Due to the poor yield of extracellular DNA in conventional extraction methods, previous studies have mainly focused on intracellular ARGs (iARGs). In this review, we evaluate the prevalence/persistence and horizontal transfer of iARGs and extracellular ARGs (eARGs) in different environments, and then explore advanced mitigation strategies in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Although iARGs are the main fraction of ARGs in nutrient-rich environments, eARGs are predominant in receiving aquatic environments. In such environments, natural transformation of eARGs occurs with a comparable frequency to conjugation of iARGs. Further, eARGs can be adsorbed by soil and sediments particles, protected from DNase degradation, and consequently persist longer than iARGs. Collectively, these characteristics emphasize the crucial role of eARGs in the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment.
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