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Custom modeling rendering coryza seasonality in the tropics and subtropics.
The accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) is a characteristic event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is a membrane water channel protein belonging to the AQP family. AQP1 levels are elevated in the cerebral cortex during the early stages of AD, but the role of AQP1 in AD pathogenesis is unclear. We first determined the expression and distribution of AQP1 in brain tissue samples of AD patients and two AD mouse models (3xTg-AD and 5xFAD). AQP1 accumulation was observed in vulnerable neurons in the cerebral cortex of AD patients, and in neurons affected by the Aβ or tau pathology in the 3xTg-AD and 5xFAD mice. AQP1 levels increased in neurons as aging progressed in the AD mouse models. Stress stimuli increased AQP1 in primary cortical neurons. In response to cellular stress, AQP1 appeared to translocate to endocytic compartments of β- and γ-secretase activities. Ectopic expression of AQP1 in human neuroblastoma cells overexpressing amyloid precussir protein (APP) with the Swedish mutations reduced β-secretase (BACE1)-mediated cleavage of APP and reduced Aβ production without altering the non-amyloidogenic pathway. Conversely, knockdown of AQP1 enhanced BACE1 activity and Aβ production. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that AQP1 decreased the association of BACE1 with APP. Analysis of a human database showed that the amount of Aβ decreases as the expression of AQP1 increases. These results suggest that the upregulation of AQP1 is an adaptive response of neurons to stress that reduces Aβ production by inhibiting the binding between BACE1 and APP. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] QUESTION What are couples' decisional conflicts around family-building approaches before and after seeking a specialty consultation for infertility? SUMMARY ANSWER Decisional conflict is high among couples before an initial specialty consultation for infertility; on average, women resolved decisional conflict more quickly than men. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Couples have multiple options for addressing infertility, and decisional conflict may arise due to lack of information, uncertainty about options and potential risks or challenges to personal values. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We conducted a total of 385 interviews and 405 surveys for this longitudinal, mixed-methods cohort study of 34 opposite-sex couples who sought a new reproductive specialty consultation (n = 68), who enrolled before the initial consultation and were followed over 12 months. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The in-depth, semi-structured interviews included questions about information gathering, deliberation and decision-mak, the National Research Service Award under Grant [T32 HP10030] and the use of REDCap for data collection from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health under Grant through [8UL1TR000055]. The authors have no competing interests. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] Endometriosis is a benign gynaecological disease. Thus, it came as a complete surprise when it was reported recently that the majority of deep endometriosis lesions harbour somatic mutations and a sizeable portion of them contain known cancer-associated mutations (CAMs). Four more studies have since been published, all demonstrating the existence of CAMs in different subtypes of endometriosis. While the field is still evolving, the confirmation of CAMs has raised many questions that were previously overlooked. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE A comprehensive overview of CAMs in endometriosis has been produced. In addition, with the recently emerged understanding of the natural history of endometriotic lesions as well as CAMs in normal and apparently healthy tissues, this review attempts to address the following questions Why has there been such a wild discrepancy in reported mutation frequencies? Why does ectopic endometrium have a higher mutation rate than that of eutopic endometrium? Would the presence ofomen of different ages and reproductive history is needed in order to gain a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis. Moreover, one area that has conspicuously received scant attention is the epigenetic landscape of ectopic, eutopic and normal endometrium. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] QUESTION Could in vitro maturation (IVM) following transvaginal oocyte retrieval during gynaecological surgery (IVM-surgery) be an effective and safe strategy for fertility preservation? SUMMARY ANSWER IVM-surgery on unstimulated ovaries is a novel option that can be considered for fertility preservation for women requiring gynaecological surgery, but more research is needed to identify appropriate patients who may benefit and to determine the cost-effectiveness of such an approach. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY IVM followed by oocyte/embryo cryopreservation has been useful as a safe reproductive strategy for some infertile women. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This prospective cohort study comprised 158 consecutive women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who underwent laparoscopy or hysteroscopy for other reasons and had concomitant transvaginal oocyte retrieval followed by IVM between 2014 and 2016. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 158 women with anovulatory PCOS who underwent IVM-surgery of China Grants (No. 2014CB943203), the Chinese Society of Reproductive Medicine Fund (No. 16020400656) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81300456). All the authors have nothing to disclose in terms of conflicts of interest. see more TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER chictr-ONC-17011861. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected].
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