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The actual olfactory light bulb modulates entorhinal cortex shake through spatial functioning memory space.
62, suggesting that 6 out of 7 SSRs were highly informative (PIC > 0.5). Phylogenetic analysis of the collection has allowed the separation of accessions into six clusters. The local accessions were presented in all six clusters with the majority of them grouped in the first three clusters designated as A, B, and C, respectively. The relations between SSR markers and agronomic traits in the collection were studied. The results can be efficiently used for the enhancement of local breeding projects for the improvement of yield productivity in durum wheat.Low-temperature stress is one of the main factors limiting the distribution and reducing the yield of many subtropical crops, including the tea crop. Efficient breeding to develop frost-tolerant cultivars requires a reliable set of genetic markers for identifying resistance donors, and that is why it is necessary to reveal the specific genetic response in frost-tolerant genotypes in comparison with frost- susceptible ones. In this work, we performed a comparative analysis of the expression of 18 tea genes (ICE1, CBF1, DHN1, DHN2, DHN3, NAC17, NAC26, NAC30, bHLH7, bHLH43, P5CS, WRKY2, LOX1, LOX6, LOX7, SnRK1.1, SnRK1.2, SnRK1.3) under cold and frost conditions in two tea genotypes, tolerant and susceptible. Low-temperature stress was induced by placing the potted plants in cold chambers and lowering the temperature to 0…+2 °С for 7 days (cold stress), followed by a decrease in temperature to -4…-6 °С for 5 days (frost stress). Relative electrical conductivity of leaf was measured in response to the stress treatments, and a significant difference in the frost tolerance of the two tea genotypes was confirmed. Cold exposure did not lead to a change in the electrical conductivity of leaf tissue. On the other hand, frost treatment resulted in increased REC in both genotypes and to a greater extent in the susceptible genotype. Increased expression of all the genes was shown during cold and frost. The genes that were strongly expressed in the tolerant tea genotype were revealed ICE1, CBF1, DHN2, NAC17, NAC26, bHLH43, WRKY2, P5CS, LOX6, SnRK1.1, SnRK1.3. These genes can be proposed as markers for the selection of frost-tolerance donors in tea germplasm collections. Additionally, it was shown that the tolerant genotype is characterized by an earlier response to stress at the stage of cold acclimation. The study of the expression of the identified genes in different organs of tea plants and in different exposures to low temperature is relevant for further investigations.Of all the subspecies of Zea mays L. cultivated in the world, sweet maize is the most important for the global economy. The leading seed-growing companies and research institutions around the world are engaged in breeding this crop. To meet the increasing demands of the industry to grain quality, it is important to select appropriate local varieties and lines for hybridization. Local (usually heterogeneous) varieties are a valuable source material for creating self-pollinated lines that contribute to a significant broadening of the genetic base of parental forms used in breeding. The advantages of sweet maize varieties and the interest of the food industry in them make it possible to consider accessions from the maize collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute (VIR) as a potentially valuable source material for breeding. The present research concentrated on 19 local sweet maize varieties with different grain colors from the VIR collection, that is, 9 varieties with the blue color of ripe grain, 4 with white (co a useful tool for the identification and registration of duplicate accessions in the VIR collection of sweet maize varieties.Clonal propagation of conifers using somatic embryogenesis is essential for the selection of tree species, and for the implementation of afforestation and reforestation. In combination with cryopreservation, somatic embryogenesis creates the basis for the development of economically valuable lines of clones and elite genotypes. The industrial use of such genetically verified clone lines in forestry can significantly increase forest productivity compared to any conventional methods for improving tree crops that are available. Larch is considered as one of the main conifer candidates for large-scale reforestation, not only due to the vastness of its habitat, but also due to the unique quality of its wood, rapid growth and high ecological plasticity. However, the vast majority of larch species are characterized by uneven yields and extremely low seed quality. In this regard, obtaining planting material for reforestation from larch seeds on seed plantations is not advisable, but can be successfully implemented inmposition of the media for cultivation, the dependence of the potential of somatic embryogenesis on the duration of cultivation, and the genetic control of somatic embryogenesis.Awns are bristle-like structures, typically extending from the tip end of the lemmas in the florets of cereal species, including such economically important crops as wheat (Triticum aestivum L., T. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/epacadostat-incb024360.html durum Desf.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.). The presence of long awns adhered at tip end of glumes is a characteristic feature of "Persian wheat" T. carthlicum Nevski spike. Glume outgrowth of T. carthlicum Nevski spike passes into a long awn, equal in length to the lemma awn. Awned glumes can be formed in T. aestivum and T. aethiopicum wheats, however, such forms are rare. Features of the awned glume development and the genetic determinants of this trait have been little studied. In this paper, we described the features of the development and inheritance of the tetra-awness (awned glume) trait of the bread wheat T. aestivum line CD 1167-8, using classical genetic analysis, molecular genetic mapping, and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that the trait is inherited as a recessive monogenic. The gene for the awned glume trait of CD 1167-8 was mapped in the long arm of chromosome 5A, using the Illumina Infinium 15K Wheat Array (TraitGenetics GmbH), containing 15,000 SNPs associated with wheat genes. Results of allelism test and molecular-genetic mapping suggest that the gene for awned glumes in bread wheat is a recessive allele of the B1 awn suppressor. This new allele was designated the b1.ag (b1. awned glume). Analysis of the CD 1167-8 inflorescence development, using scanning electron microscopy, showed that awns had grown from the top of the lemmas and glumes simultaneously, and no differences in patterns of their development were found.
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