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The importance of loved ones within acculturation means of teenagers involving Moroccan origins on holiday.
BACKGROUND To investigate changes in the corneal thickness profile in juvenile myopia after overnight wear of orthokeratology lenses (OK). METHODS A total of 53 juveniles (53 right eyes) successfully wore OK between January 2016 and July 2017 and they were reviewed one day, one week and one month after first wearing it. Epithelial and corneal data were obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Changes in uncorrected visual acuity, refractive error, corneal refractive power, and epithelial and corneal thickness were analyzed before and after wear of OK. RESULTS The corneal epithelium was reshaped after 1 day of OK; the myopia degree was reduced, and uncorrected visual acuity reached 0 logMAR at 1 week. The central (2 mm) average epithelial thickness was 52.04 ± 2.35 μm, 49.25 ± 2.67 μm, 45.91 ± 2.80 μm, and 47.53 ± 3.44 μm before and after 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month of OK, respectively (t = 4.497, 9.741, and 7.340, respectively, P less then 0.001). The central epithelium was thinnest at 1 week, when the average thinning of 6.13 ± 1.67 μm accounted for approximately 11.78 % ± 3.21 % of the total epithelium thickness at baseline. The epithelial thickness of the reverse curve zone was 51.83 ± 2.49 μm, 57.62 ± 3.01 μm, 59.43 ± 3.19 μm, and 60.22 ± 2.75 μm before and after 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month of OK, respectively, showing a significant increase over time (t=-4.752, -6.208, and -6.848, respectively, P less then 0.001). CONCLUSION In the early stage of OK, the corneal epithelium was redistributed very quickly. The central epithelium became thin, while the epithelium of the reverse curve zone correspondingly thickened. Effectively reduced the refractive power of the cornea equivalent to the effect of adding a concave spectacle lens, which ensures uncorrected vision after removal of the lenses. PURPOSE this survey aimed to assess levels of compliance with contact lens wear and care among university student's population in Jordan. METHODS An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess the extent of compliance among contact lens wearers toward contact lens care in a university population. The questionnaire included 12 questions regarding compliance with contact lens care, lens case/solution replacement, general hygiene procedures related to contact lens and adherence to aftercare visits. RESULTS 210 contact lens wearers were interviewed. Of the study population 187 (89 %) were females and 23 (11 %) were males. RSL3 The average age of the study group was 22.35 (± 3.77) years and all the study population were students (undergraduate or postgraduate).The average compliance rate of the study population was 75 %. High level of compliance was noticeable in the following aspects; not sharing lenses with others, not sleeping while wearing lenses, hand washing before lens use and not using water to clean lenses. Moderate level of compliance was reported in the following aspects; showering/swimming with lenses, using lenses longer than recommended replacement schedule and all behaviours related to contact lens care solution. However, low levels of compliance were reported in relation to cleaning and rinsing lens case and adherence to aftercare visits. CONCLUSION High to moderate levels of compliance were reported generally by participants. However, better strategies are recommended to further increase levels of compliance among contact lens wearers in Jordan related to adherence to aftercare visits. While this study is targeted contact lens wearers from a university student's population, a future study is recommended to include larger sample of contact lens wearers from the general lay population. BACKGROUND Sabbaticals are considered a professional development experience meant to foster growth and revitalize careers. The personal accounts of sabbaticals among medical professionals indicate high value from this experience. Benefits seen at the institutional and individual level include, but are not limited to, reduced burnout and increased job retention. Staffing issues, determining eligibility, and justifying time utilized may be just some barriers to implementing a sabbatical program accessible to the health-system pharmacist. In the literature, there is a dearth of information related to sabbaticals granted to the health-system pharmacist. However, many published experiences of nurses and physicians exist. OBJECTIVES A systematic review was performed to synthesize a qualitative yet evidence-based summary of information regarding sabbaticals. The primary aim of this review was to assess the reported benefits and prohibitive factors of taking a sabbatical as it may apply to the health-system pharmacis in place. Mini-sabbaticals may allow the health-system pharmacist to take a professional time away. Corollaries are drawn between a longitudinal pharmacy research award granted at Mayo Clinic - Rochester and ideas are provided for clinical or educational sabbaticals. It is clear that health-system pharmacy-specific information is lacking, and pharmacy department leadership should be encouraged to continue to share experiences of sabbaticals and outcomes. OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine (DEX) and DEX-ketamine (KET) on hemodynamics and sedation quality in children with congenital heart disease. DESIGN A randomized controlled, double-blind, prospective trial. SETTING A tertiary care teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS The study comprised 60 children undergoing transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly allocated into the DEX group (group D [n = 30]) or the DEX-KET group (group D-K [n = 30]). Group D received 2 μg/kg of intranasal DEX; group D-K received 2 μg/kg of DEX and 1 mg/kg of KET intranasally. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The primary outcome was the change in hemodynamics, measured using mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). Secondary outcomes were onset time, wake-up time, and discharge time. No differences were found in mean arterial pressure or heart rate. The onset time was significantly shorter in group D-K than in group D (9.6 ± 2.9 minutes v 14.3 ± 3.4 minutes; p = 0.031). The wake-up time was longer in group D-K than in group D (52 ± 14.
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