Notes

Latest styles of NFκB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide-based nanotherapeutics within respiratory illnesses.
Limited knowledge of stem cell therapies` mechanisms of action hampers their sustainable implementation into the clinic. Specifically, the interactions of transplanted stem cells with the host vasculature and its implications for their therapeutic efficacy are not elucidated. We tested whether adhesion receptors and chemokine receptors on stem cells can be functionally modulated, and consequently if such modulation may substantially affect therapeutically relevant stem cell interactions with the host endothelium.

We investigated the effects of cationic molecule polyethylenimine (PEI) treatment with or without nanoparticles on the functions of adhesion receptors and chemokine receptors of human bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC). Analyses included MSC functions in vitro, as well as homing and therapeutic efficacy in rodent models of central nervous system´s pathologies in vivo.

PEI treatment did not affect viability, immunomodulation or differentiation potential of MSC, but increased the CCR4 expression and functionally blocked their adhesion receptors, thus decreasing their adhesion capacity in vitro. Intravenously applied in a rat model of brain injury, the homing rate of PEI-MSC in the brain was highly increased with decreased numbers of adherent PEI-MSC in the lung vasculature. Moreover, in comparison to untreated MSC, PEI-MSC featured increased tumour directed migration in a mouse glioblastoma model, and superior therapeutic efficacy in a murine model of stroke.

Balanced stem cell adhesion and migration in different parts of the vasculature and tissues together with the local microenvironment impacts their therapeutic efficacy.

Robert Bosch Stiftung, IZEPHA grant, EU grant 7 FP Health.
Robert Bosch Stiftung, IZEPHA grant, EU grant 7 FP Health.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the indication, efficacy and safety of tocilizumab, a humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody, in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated diseases (MOGAD) encountered in current neurological practice.

We conducted a retrospective analysis of an exhaustive cohort of patients with inflammatory CNS disorders at Toulouse University Hospital, France, from 2014 to 2020. Efficacy was evaluated with clinical outcome by the Annual Relapse Rate, and radiological outcome with MRI data. The other outcomes were adverse events and effectiveness according to the form of injection (intravenous or subcutaneous).

Seven patients were treated with tocilizumab four patients had NMOSD with AQP4+ antibodies (57%) and three had MOGAD (43%). Tocilizumab was administered in the presence of persistent clinical activity and/or severe side effects with other immunosuppressant medications. The median follow-up on tocilizumab was 23 months (4-50 months). All patients started with monthly intravenous injection, then three switched to a subcutaneous form. All patients were relapse-free throughout the duration of treatment with tocilizumab, and one presented with a new cervical lesion on MRI. Four patients had no adverse effect, two had a significant increase in infection rate, and one had dyslipidemia.

tocilizumab appears to be an effective therapy for patients with refractory NMOSD or MOGAD. Subcutaneous and intravenous injections appear to be equally effective.
tocilizumab appears to be an effective therapy for patients with refractory NMOSD or MOGAD. Cefodizime molecular weight Subcutaneous and intravenous injections appear to be equally effective.Teriflunomide is an oral disease modifying therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Gastrointestinal (GI) side effects occurred in 15-17.9% of patients in the clinical trials and usually were mild and self-limiting. Few cases of inflammatory colitis related to teriflunomide and leflunomide, a prodrug which converts to teriflunomide and is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, have been reported but no clinical data is available except for a single case of lymphocytic colitis. We here report a 49-year-old man with RRMS who developed severe diarrhea and weight loss six months after starting teriflunomide and eventually was found to have multiple ulcers and inflammatory changes consistent with Crohn's disease. After stopping teriflunomide and chelation therapy, he was started on immunotherapy for Crohn's given the highly inflammatory degree of GI symptoms and histology findings.
Evidence from observational studies increasingly highlights the association between unhealthy diet and poor health outcomes in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS), but very few intervention trials for dietary change have been completed. Improving diet quality via a low glycemic load (GL) diet has demonstrated improvements in cardiometabolic risks, cognitive risks, and psychosocial variables in diseases other than MS. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of delivering a low GL dietary intervention implemented via telehealth in a sample of adults with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS). The secondary purpose was to explore the potential impact of the diet on MS outcomes and cardiometabolic risks.

Participants followed a low GL diet consisting of 100g of carbohydrate and GL of ≤45 points/1000 kcal daily for 12 weeks. Each participant received weekly calls from a telecoach, education and behavioral supports via weekly emails, and recorded all food intake on a mobile app. Feasibility was measured axiety (r=.24), pain (r=-.43), and emotional health (r=-.36) were moderately correlated with reductions in GL. Participants lost a mean of 2.93 (6.31, p=.003) kg, and had reductions in both fat and lean mass (fat mass 1.94 (2.5) kg; lean mass .72 (1.29) kg).

A low GL dietary intervention is feasible for adults with RRMS and may lead to improvements in MS outcomes and cardiometabolic risk. Additional research is needed with more tightly controlled feeding trials and larger sample sizes to further understand the impact of this dietary pattern on RRMS.
A low GL dietary intervention is feasible for adults with RRMS and may lead to improvements in MS outcomes and cardiometabolic risk. Additional research is needed with more tightly controlled feeding trials and larger sample sizes to further understand the impact of this dietary pattern on RRMS.
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