Notes

Hereditary diversity and populace structure regarding Haemonchus contortus inside goat's via Bangkok.
Sarcopenia is associated with an increased risk of complications to treatment and lower survival rates in patients with cancer, but there is a lack of agreement on cut-off values and assessment methods. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT) as well as the agreement between the methods for identification of sarcopenia.

This cross-sectional study pooled data from two studies including patients scheduled for surgery for gastrointestinal tumors. We assessed sarcopenia using two different cut-off values derived from healthy young adults for DXA and two for CT. Additionally, we used one of the most widely applied cut-off values for CT assessed sarcopenia derived from obese cancer patients. The agreement between DXA and CT was evaluated using Cohen's kappa. The mean difference and range of agreement between DXA and CT for estimating total and appendicular lean soft tissue were assessed using Bland-Altman plots.

In total, 131 patients were included. With DXA the prevalence of sarcopenia was 11.5% and 19.1%. Using CT, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 3.8% and 26.7% using cut-off values from healthy young adults and 64.1% using the widely applied cut-off value. The agreement between DXA and CT in identifying sarcopenia was poor, with Cohen's kappa values ranging from 0.05 to 0.39. Dactolisib solubility dmso The mean difference for estimated total lean soft tissue was 1.4kg, with 95% limits of agreement from-8.6 to 11.5kg. For appendicular lean soft tissue, the ratio between DXA and CT was 1.15, with 95% limits of agreement from 0.92 to 1.44.

The prevalence of sarcopenia defined using DXA and CT varied substantially, and the agreement between the two modalities is poor.
The prevalence of sarcopenia defined using DXA and CT varied substantially, and the agreement between the two modalities is poor.
Diet quality has been inversely associated with depression, but less is known about its association with anxiety and about the mechanisms involved in the association between diet and mental health. This study aimed to assess the associations of diet quality with major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in young adults, and to explore whether inflammation, indexed by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and body mass index (BMI) mediate this association.

We used data of 3331 participants from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil). Data on dietary intake and inflammatory markers were assessed at 18 years, and information on mental disorders was obtained at both 18 and 22 years. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake, and diet quality was estimated using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index - Revised (BHEI-R). The occurrence of MDD and GAD was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), conducted by psychologistot find evidence that inflammatory markers and BMI mediate this association.
To date, the prevalence of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in China was 17.5%. Given the substantial relevance of GDM for medium- and long-term health of both mother and offspring and the paucity of existing data on the link between maternal diet and glucose homeostasis during pregnancy in Asian population, additional studies are needed. To examine the relevance of dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and fiber intake before and during pregnancy for the development of GDM and glucose homeostasis over the course of pregnancy.

Cox proportional hazards analysis and linear mixed effects regressions were performed on data from 9317 women for whom three food frequency questionnaires (pre-pregnancy, 1
and 2
trimesters) and biochemical measures during pregnancy were available. Investigated outcome variables included GDM risk, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA

), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters.

Women in the highest tertile of dietary GI (or GL) before pregnancy, in the 1
, or the 2
trimester respectively had a 12% (15%), 25% (23%) or 29% (25%) higher risk of developing GDM than those in the lowest tertile (all p for trend≤0.02). Women with the highest dietary fiber intake before pregnancy, in the 1st or 2nd trimester had a 11%, 17% or 18% lower GDM risk (all p for trend≤0.03). Moreover, increases in GI or GL and decreases in fiber intake over the course of pregnancy (1
to 3
trimesters) were independently associated with adverse concurrent developments in FPG, HbA
and HOMA-IR (p≤0.03).

Our study indicates that dietary GI, GL and fiber intake before and during pregnancy affects glucose homeostasis of pregnant Chinese women.
Our study indicates that dietary GI, GL and fiber intake before and during pregnancy affects glucose homeostasis of pregnant Chinese women.
In coeliac disease (CD) micronutrient deficiencies may occur due to malabsorption in active disease and diminished intake during treatment with a gluten-free diet (GFD). This study assessed the micronutrient status in children with CD at diagnosis and follow-up.

Fifteen micronutrients were analysed in 106 blood samples from newly diagnosed CD and from patients on a GFD for <6 months, 6-12 months and with longstanding disease (>12 months). Predictors of micronutrient status included demographics, disease duration, anthropometry, gastrointestinal symptoms, raised tissue transglutaminase antibodies (TGA), multivitamin use and faecal gluten immunogenic peptide (GIP). Micronutrient levels were compared against laboratory reference values.

At CD diagnosis (n=25), low levels in ≥10% of patients were observed for vitamins E (88%), B1 (71%), D (24%), K (21%), A (20%) and B6 (12%), ferritin (79%), and zinc (33%). One year post-diagnosis, repletion of vitamins E, K, B6 and B1 was observed (<10% patients). In contrast, deficiencies for vitamins D, A and zinc did not change significantly post-diagnosis. Copper, selenium and magnesium did not differ significantly between diagnosis and follow-up. All samples for B2, folate, vitamin C (except for one sample) and B12 were normal. A raised TGA at follow-up was associated with low vitamins A and B1 (raised vs normal TGA; vitamin A 40% vs 17%, p=0.044, vitamin B1 37% vs 13%, p=0.028). Low vitamin A (p=0.009) and vitamin D (p=0.001) were more common in samples collected during winter. There were no associations between micronutrient status with GIP, body mass index, height, socioeconomic status, or gastrointestinal symptom. Multivitamin use was less common in patients with low vitamin D.

Several micronutrient deficiencies in CD respond to a GFD but others need to be monitored long-term and supplemented where indicated.
Several micronutrient deficiencies in CD respond to a GFD but others need to be monitored long-term and supplemented where indicated.
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