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BACKGROUND Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe cerebrovascular disease. Rebleeding is an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome after aneurysmal SAH. However, the accuracy of aneurysm size for predicting rebleeding after aneurysmal SAH is still unclear. Hence, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive accuracy of large aneurysm for rebleeding after SAH. METHODS We performed a literature search in PubMed and Embase. Original studies about aneurysm size and rebleeding after SAH were included. Two reviewers completed data extraction and quality assessment. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of large aneurysm for predicting rebleeding were calculated and shown in a forest plot. The overall accuracy of large aneurysm for predicting rebleeding after SAH was shown using a summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. Publication bias were assessed using Deeks' funnel plot. RESULTS A total of ten studies with 3889 patients met eligibility criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of large aneurysm for predicting rebleeding were 0.39 (95% CI 0.25-0.56) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.67-0.82), respectively. The area under SROC curve was 0.67 (95% CI 0.62-0.71). Deeks' funnel plot did not show obvious publication bias among included studies in this meta-analysis. CONCLUSION The specificity of large aneurysm for predicting rebleeding after SAH is relatively high. However, its overall accuracy for predicting aneurysm rebleeding is not very satisfying. A comprehensive model should be developed to improve the accuracy of rebleeding prediction after SAH.PURPOSE OF REVIEW Small bowel dysmotility is a broad heterogeneous term that encompasses a wide range of gastrointestinal disorders resulting from abnormal gut motility. Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a severe, rare, and complex small bowel motility disorder at the extreme end of this spectrum. It is characterized by failure of the intestinal tract to propel contents, which results in signs and symptoms of bowel obstruction albeit in the absence of any obstructive lesion(s). In this article, we discuss up-to-date diagnostic techniques, management options, and histopathological findings in CIPO. RECENT FINDINGS We will emphasize the latest diagnostic methodologies and therapeutic options as well as enteric histopathologic abnormalities in patients with CIPO. CIPO continues to be a clinical challenge. Several novel pharmacological agents hold promise including gastrointestinal hormone agonists and prokinetics. Furthermore, histopathologic findings may help guide therapy and provide further prognostic significance. At present, nutritional support, symptom management, and avoidance of long-term complications are the mainstay of treatment in CIPO.PURPOSE The delay-and-sum beamformer is widely used in clinical ultrasound systems to obtain ultrasonic images. To improve image quality, the minimum variance (MV) beamformer was introduced in medical ultrasound imaging. The MV beamformer determines beamformer weights from ultrasonic echo signals received by individual transducer elements in an ultrasonic probe. In the present study, the MV beamformer was investigated to improve its performance. METHODS In MV beamforming, a covariance matrix of echo signals received by individual elements needs to be estimated to obtain adaptive beamformer weights. To obtain a stable estimate, a total receiving aperture is divided into subarrays, and a covariance matrix is obtained using echo signals from each subarray to average covariance matrices from all subarrays. This procedure is called "subarray averaging." In the present study, a new method for estimation of the covariance matrix was proposed. In the proposed method, a covariance matrix, namely, a cross covariance matrix, is obtained using echo signals from different subarrays. Multiple covariance matrices are obtained from all different pairs of subarrays and averaged. RESULTS In the present study, the performance of the proposed method was evaluated by basic experiments on a phantom. Lateral spatial resolutions obtained by MV beamforming with conventional subarray averaging and the proposed method were similar. However, contrast obtained by MV beamforming with the proposed method was - 0.56 dB, which was significantly better than the - 5.06 dB obtained by MV beamforming with conventional subarray averaging. CONCLUSION Image contrast in MV beamforming could be improved significantly by estimating "cross" covariance matrices.An ongoing outbreak of 2019-nCoV pneumonia was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei province, China at the end of 2019. With the spread of the new coronavirus accelerating, person-to-person transmission in family homes or hospitals, and intercity spread of 2019-nCoV occurred. At least 40,261 cases confirmed, 23,589 cases suspected, 909 cases death and 3444 cases cured in China and worldwide 24 countries confirmed 383 cases being diagnosed, 1 case death in February 10th, 2020. At present, the mortality of 2019-nCoV in China is 2.3%, compared with 9.6% of SARS and 34.4% of MERS reported by WHO. It seems the new virus is not as fatal as many people thought. Chinese authorities improved surveillance network, made the laboratory be able to recognize the outbreak within a few weeks and announced the virus genome that provide efficient epidemiological control. More comprehensive information is required to understand 2019-nCoV feature, the epidemiology of origin and spreading, and the clinical phenomina. According to the current status, blocking transmission, isolation, protection, and alternative medication are the urgent management strategies against 2019-nCoV.Ultrasound stimulation is thought to influence bone remodelling process. But recently, the efficiency of ultrasound therapy for bone healing has been questioned. this website Despite an extensive literature describing the positive effect of ultrasound on bone regeneration-cell cultures, animal models, clinical studies-there are more and more reviews denouncing the inefficiency of clinical devices based on low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS) of the bone healing. One of the reasons to cause controversy comes from the persistent misunderstanding of the underlying physical and biological mechanisms of ultrasound stimulation of bone repair. As ultrasonic waves are mechanical waves, the process to be studied is the one of the mechanotransduction. Previous studies on the bone mechanotransduction have demonstrated the key role of the osteocytes in bone mechano-sensing. Osteocytes are bone cells ubiquitous inside the bone matrix; they are immersed in the interstitial fluid (IF) inside the lacuno-canalicular network (LCN).
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