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Nature Sugarcane as well as Sorghum Kinomes: Experience Into Expansion, Diversity, along with Term Patterns.
High-performance membranes for simultaneously removing insoluble emulsified oils and soluble organic dyes are in urgently demand for industrial wastewater treatment, but are strictly limited by the single-function and serious fouling problem. Herein, a dual-functional membrane with excellent antifouling ability for efficiently dye/oil/water emulsion separation has been fabricated by growing flower-like metal-organic frameworks (MIL-53-OH) on polyacrylonitrile/polyethyleneimine membrane for the first time. The synergistic effect of the hierarchical flower-like structure and superhydrophilic compositions with high hydration ability endows the obtained membrane with a stable and ultra-strong oil-repelling hydration layer, thus imparting the membrane formidable oil resistance and exceptional oil/water emulsion separation performance (permeate flux>4000 L m-2 h-1). What's more, the superhydrophilic compositions render the membrane an excellent dye remove capacity by electrostatic forces and hydrogen bonding. The membrane rejections for dyes and emulsified oils are above 99%, and the dyes and oils on the used membrane can be easily washed away with methanol and water, respectively, confirming that the membrane has desirable recyclability. Besides, the membrane possesses excellent mechanical performance and outstanding acid and alkali resistance, indicating that the membrane is a promising candidate for removing insoluble emulsified oils and soluble dyes.A novel sequential flow baffled microalgal-bacterial (SFB-AlgalBac) photobioreactor was designed to cater for the synergistic interactions between microalgal and bacterial consortia to enhance nitrogen assimilation into microalgal biomass from nutrient-rich wastewater medium. The performance of the SFB-AlgalBac photobioreactor was found to be optimum at the influent flow rate of 5.0 L/d, equivalent to 20 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT). The highest microalgal nitrogen assimilation rate (0.0271 /d) and biomass productivity (1350 mg/d) were recorded amidst this flow rate. Further increase to the 10.0 L/d flow rate reduced the photobioreactor performance, as evidenced by a reduction in microalgal biomass productivity (>10%). The microalgal biomass per unit of nitrogen assimilated values were attained at 16.69 mg/mg for the 5.0 L/d flow rate as opposed to 7.73 mg/mg for the 10.0 L/d flow rate, despite both having comparable specific growth rates. Also, the prior influent treatment by activated sludge was found to exude extracellular polymeric substances which significantly improved the microalgal biomass settleability up to 37%. The employment of SFB-AlgalBac photobioreactor is anticipated could exploit the low-cost nitrogen sources from nutrient-rich wastewaters via bioconversion into valuable microalgal biomass while fulfilling the requirements of sustainable wastewater treatment technologies.Crab has been designated by the ICRP as one of twelve reference/model organisms for understanding the impacts of radionuclide releases on the biosphere. However, radionuclide-crab interaction data are sparse compared with other reference organisms (e.g. deer, earthworm). This study used an estuarine crab (Paragrapsus laevis) to investigate the contribution of water, diet and sediment sources to radionuclide (134Cs and 85Sr) bioaccumulation kinetics using live-animal radiotracing. The distribution of each radionuclide within the crab tissues was determined using dissection, whole-body autoradiography and synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy (XFM). When moulting occurred during exposure, it caused significant increases in 85Sr bioaccumulation and efflux of 134Cs under constant aqueous exposure. Dietary assimilation efficiencies were determined as 55 ± 1% for 134Cs and 49 ± 3% for 85Sr. 85Sr concentrated in gonads more than other organs, resulting in proportionally greater radiation dose to the reproductive organs and requires further investigation. 134Cs was found in most soft tissues and was closely associated with S and K. Biodynamic modelling suggested that diet accounted for 90-97% of whole-body 137Cs, while water accounted for 59-81% of 90Sr. Our new data on crab, as a representative invertebrate, improves understanding of the impacts of planned or accidental releases of fission radionuclides on marine ecology.We assessed the enzymatic activation of four different biochars produced from pyrolyzing swine manure and poultry litter, and by co-pyrolyzing these livestock residues with agricultural spent mulch plastic film wastes (plastichars). Enzymatic activation consisted of incubating biochars in soil inoculated with earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris), which acted as biological vectors to facilitate retention of extracellular enzymes onto biochar surface. The activity of carboxylesterase ‒a pesticide-detoxifying enzyme‒ was measured in non-bioturbed soils (reference), linings of the burrows created by earthworms, casts (feces) and biochar particles recovered from the soil. Our results revealed that 1) biochar increased soil carboxylesterase activity respect to biochar-free (control) soils, which was more prominent in the presence of earthworms. 2) The maximum enzyme activity was found in soils amended with plastichars. 3) The plastichars showed higher enzyme binding capacities than that of the biochars produced from animal manure alone, corroborating the pattern of enzyme distribution found in soil. 4) The presence of earthworms in soil significantly increased the potential of the plastichars for enzymatic activation. These findings suggest that the plastichars are suitable for increasing and stabilizing soil enzyme activities with no toxicity on earthworms.A facile and robust interface reaction method for controllable synthesis of hierarchically structured flower-like MnO2 hollow microspheres was developed at a low cost. With MnCO3 microspheres as homologous templates, KMnO4 was used to conduct redox reactions with the surface layer of the MnCO3 microspheres to form porous flower-like MnO2. Mitomycin C purchase Then, the internal template was removed by HCl etching to obtain flower-like MnO2 hollow microspheres. HCl plays the dual role of removing the template and generating oxygen vacancies through acid etching. The as-prepared flower-like MnO2 hollow microspheres exhibited excellent low-temperature catalytic activity for toluene oxidation owing to the desirable features of a high specific surface area, abundant oxygen vacancies, high content of Mn4+, a high number of acidic sites and a strong acidity. This work provides a new strategy for the facile construction of high-performance volatile organic compounds oxidation catalysts with industrial application prospects.
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