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A spot periodic heating method is a highly accurate, non-contact method for the evaluation of anisotropy and relative thermophysical property distribution. However, accurately evaluating thermal diffusivity is difficult due to the influence of temperature wave reflection from the whole surface of the sample. This study proposes a method to derive thermal diffusivity using a parameter table based on heat transfer equations using the concept of optimum distance between heating-point and measurement point. This method considers finite sample size, sensitivity distribution of infrared ray detector, intensity distribution of heating laser and sample thickness. In these results, the obtained thermal diffusivity of pure copper corresponded well with previous literature values. In conclusion, this method is considered highly effective in evaluating the thermal diffusivity in the horizontal direction.Internet influences our communication, social and work interactions, entertainment, and many other aspects of life. Even if the original purpose was to simplify our lives, an excessive and/or maladaptive use of it may have negative consequences. The dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene was studied in relation to addictions, including excessive use of the Internet. The crucial role of DAT1 was previously underlined in modulating emotional aspects, such as affiliative behaviors. The present research follows a new approach based on cross-correlation between (de)methylation levels in couples of CpG loci, as previously shown. We investigated the possible relationships between Internet addiction, impulsivity, quality of attachment, DAT1 genotypes (from the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) poly-morphism), and the dynamics of methylation within the 5'-UTR of the DAT1 gene. From a normative sample of 79 youths, we extrapolated three subgroups a posteriori, i.e., one "vulnerable" with high Internet Addiction Test (IAT) scores (and high Barrat Impulsivity Scale (BIS) scores; n = 9) and two "controls'' with low BIS scores and 10/10 vs. 9/x genotype (n = 12 each). Controls also had a "secure" attachment pattern, while genotypes and attachment styles were undistinguished in the vulnerable subgroup (none showed overt Internet addiction). We found a strongly positive correlation in all groups between CpG2 and CpG3. An unsuspected relationship between the 3'-UTR genotype and a 5'-UTR intra-motif link was revealed by CpG5-CpG6 comparison. The negative correlation between the CpG3-CpG5 positions was quite significant in the control groups (both with genotype 10/10 and with genotype 9/x), whereas a tendency toward positive correlation emerged within the high IAT group. In conclusion, future attention shall be focused on the intra- and inter-motif interactions of methylation on the CpG island at the 5'-UTR of DAT1.The aim of this study was to assess the activity of extracts from Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC (PG) in a model of chronic bronchitis in rats. The research was carried out on three water extracts E1 - from roots of field cultivated PG; E2 - from biotransformed roots of PG; E3 - from callus of PG. The extracts differed in saponins and inulin levels-the highest was measured in E3 and the lowest in E1. Identification of secondary metabolites was performed using two complementary LC-MS systems. Chronic bronchitis was induced by sodium metabisulfite (a source of SO2). Animals were treated with extracts for three weeks (100 mg/kg, intragastrically) and endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factors (TGF-β1, -β2, -β3), and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) levels were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whereas C reactive protein (CRP) level was measured in serum. Moreover, mRNA expression were assessed in bronchi and lungs. In SO2-exposed rats, an elevation of the CRP, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, VEGF, and mucin was found, but the extracts' administration mostly reversed this phenomenon, leading to control values. The results showed a strong anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts from PG.The article proposes two 3D and 2D numerical FE models of frictional heating for the estimation of temperature distributions in railway tread brake in 1xBg configuration during repeated long-term braking. The results of computations were compared with the time courses of temperature measured using thermocouples throughout the duration of the tests on a full-scale dynamometer for two different brake shoe materials in combination with a steel wheel. The resulting temperature distributions calculated using the proposed models agreed well with the experimental measurements, and the maximum difference in temperature values does not exceed 20%. It has been proven that 2D FE model can be as efficient as 3D model to estimate the temperature distribution during long-term and variable braking in the considered friction node. The differences in the calculation of the temperature values using these models did not exceed 3%, and the calculation time for the 2D model, compared to the 3D model, was shorter approximately 85 times for the braking cycle lasting 5032 s, and approximately 45 times for the braking cycle lasting 3297 s.Metabolic alterations have been documented in peripheral tissues in heart failure (HF). Outcomes might be improved by early identification of risk. However, the prognostic information offered is still far from enough. We hypothesized that plasma metabolic profiling potentially provides risk stratification for HF patients. Selleck Zidesamtinib Of 61 patients hospitalized due to acute decompensated HF, 31 developed HF-related events in one year after discharge (Event group), and the other 30 patients did not (Non-event group). The plasma collected during hospital admission was analyzed by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOFMS)-based metabolomic approach. The orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) reveals that the metabolomics profile is able to distinguish between events in HF. Levels of 19 metabolites including acylcarnitines, lysophospholipids, dimethylxanthine, dimethyluric acid, tryptophan, phenylacetylglutamine, and hypoxanthine are significantly different between patients with and without event (p less then 0.
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