Notes

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Cerebrovascular pathologies including cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysregulation are prominent features in the majority of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases.

We performed neuropathologic and biochemical studies on a large, neuropathologically confirmed human AD cohort (N = 469). Amounts of endothelial tight junction proteins claudin-5 (CLDN5) and occludin (OCLN), and major AD-related molecules (amyloid beta [Aβ40], Aβ42, tau, p-tau, and apolipoprotein E) in the temporal cortex were assessed by ELISA.

Higher levels of soluble tau, insoluble p-tau, and apolipoprotein E (apoE) were independently correlated with lower levels of endothelial tight junction proteins CLDN5 and OCLN in AD brains. Although high Aβ40 levels, APOE ε4, and male sex were predominantly associated with exacerbated CAA severity, those factors did not influence tight junction protein levels.

Refining the molecular mechanisms connecting tau, Aβ, and apoE with cerebrovascular pathologies is critical for greater understanding of AD pathogenesis and establishing effective therapeutic interventions for the disease.
Refining the molecular mechanisms connecting tau, Aβ, and apoE with cerebrovascular pathologies is critical for greater understanding of AD pathogenesis and establishing effective therapeutic interventions for the disease.
Three-dimensional reconstruction (3DR) of preoperative images may improve the presurgical assessment of tumours prior to removal. We aimed to analyse the advantages and discrepancies of preoperative 3DR in paediatric tumours.

We conducted a prospective observational study from 2016 to 2019, including patients with thoraco-abdominal tumours having predictable surgical risks on preoperative images (encasement of vessels posing vascular risks, ie, neuroblastic and soft tissue tumours or parenchyma preservation of the invaded organ, ie, liver and kidney). A comparison of 2D/3DR and surgical findings was performed.

Twenty-four patients, with a median age at surgery of 68.2months (13days-203months), were operated on for neuroblastoma (n=7), renal tumour (n=7), hepatic tumour (n=4) and others (n=6; bone sarcoma of the iliac branch, abdominal lymph nodes of a recurrent testicular germ cell tumour, pseudoinflammatory tumour of the omentum, thoracic lipoblastoma, desmoplastic tumour, solid and pseudopapillar tumour of the pancreas). Reconstruction was of poor quality in two patients with renal tumours because computed tomography (CT) had no excretory phase. Discrepancies between 3DR and surgical findings occurred in two patients, one because of poor assessment of caliceal infiltration by renal nodules and the other because of inadequate reconstruction of renal vein thrombosis. For all the other tumours, 3DR improved the visualisation and precise location of vessels during surgery.

High-quality preoperative images are mandatory to provide the best 3DR. In the majority of cases, 3DR is of significant help during surgery to better identify vascular structures within tumours and preserve parenchyma.
High-quality preoperative images are mandatory to provide the best 3DR. In the majority of cases, 3DR is of significant help during surgery to better identify vascular structures within tumours and preserve parenchyma.
Previous studies conducted primarily in the USA and Europe have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of lurasidone 20-120 mg/day for the treatment of bipolar I depression. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lurasidone monotherapy for the treatment of bipolar I depression among patients from diverse ethnic backgrounds, including those from Japan.

Patients were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment for 6 weeks with lurasidone, 20-60 mg/day (n = 184) or 80-120 mg/day (n = 169), or placebo (n = 172). The primary end-point was change from baseline to Week 6 on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).

Lurasidone treatment significantly reduced mean MADRS total scores from baseline to Week 6 for the 20-60-mg/day group (-13.6; adjusted P = 0.007; effect size = 0.33), but not for the 80-120-mg/day group (-12.6; adjusted P = 0.057; effect size = 0.22) compared with placebo (-10.6). Treatment with lurasidone 20-60 mg/day also improved MADRS response rates, functional impairment, and anxiety symptoms. The most common adverse events associated with lurasidone were akathisia and nausea. Lurasidone treatments were associated with minimal changes in weight, lipids, and measures of glycemic control.

Monotherapy with once daily doses of lurasidone 20-60 mg, but not 80-120 mg, significantly reduced depressive symptoms and improved functioning in patients with bipolar I depression. Results overall were consistent with previous studies, suggesting that lurasidone 20-60 mg/day is effective and safe in diverse ethnic populations, including Japanese.
Monotherapy with once daily doses of lurasidone 20-60 mg, but not 80-120 mg, significantly reduced depressive symptoms and improved functioning in patients with bipolar I depression. Results overall were consistent with previous studies, suggesting that lurasidone 20-60 mg/day is effective and safe in diverse ethnic populations, including Japanese.With the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer, there is renewed interest in sustainable interventions to improve childhood cancer care in low-/middle-income countries (LMICs). Selleckchem RO4987655 Practitioners in LMICs have traditionally practiced "twinning," i.e., targeted international pediatric oncology partnerships (TIPPs) between one or more institutions in a high-income country (HIC) and an LMIC, to improve care for children with cancer in the latter. The International Society of Paediatric Oncology Committee for Paediatric Oncology in Developing Countries Working Group on Twinning, Collaboration, and Support reviewed guidelines from https//cancerpointe.com and the current literature, gathered input from practitioners in LMICs, and in this article discuss the role of TIPPs in the WHO initiative.
Trust is a core aspect of the patient-physician relationship, especially in cancer care. We sought to examine parents' experiences with trust over the first year after a child's cancer diagnosis.

We conducted a prospective, questionnaire-based longitudinal cohort study of parents and physicians of children with cancer at two academic pediatric hospitals. We evaluated trust among 166 parents of children with cancer over the first year after diagnosis. Surveys were administered after diagnosis, at 4months, and at 12months after diagnosis.

Seventy-one percent of parents trusted the child's oncologist "completely" at baseline, as did 79% at 4months and 77% at 12months. At baseline, high-quality physician communication (OR 4.11 [1.78-9.51], P=.001) and information (OR 2.82 [1.29-6.16], P=.01) were associated with trust, after adjustment for parent gender, race/ethnicity, and education. Parents were less likely to trust the physician completely at 12months if the child had experienced cancer relapse or progression (OR 0.
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