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Adult Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and also rising kinds of maladaptive persona: a meta-analytic review.
This study assesses the associations between annual measures of economic hardship (EH) across 22 years of adulthood and objective measures of early ageing in a Danish late-middle-aged population (N = 5575). EH (years  less then  60% of the National median equivalized household disposable income) was experienced by 18% during 1987-2008. Four or more years in EH (reference = null years in EH) was related to poorer physical capability (chair rise - 1.49 counts/30 s [95% confidence interval (CI) - 2.36, - 0.61], hand grip strength - 1.22 kg [95% CI - 2.38, - 0.07], jump height - 1.67 cm [95% CI - 2.44, - 0.91] and balance 18% [95% CI 9, 28]), poorer cognitive function (Intelligenz-Struktur-Test - 1.50 points [95% CI - 2.89, - 0.12]) and higher inflammatory levels (C-reactive protein 22% [95% CI 4, 44], and Interleukin-6 23% [95% CI 10, 39]). Comparing four EH trajectories, people with a high versus low probability of EH over time had poorer physical capability (chair rise - 1.70 counts/30 s [95% CI - 3.38, - 0.01], grip - 4.33 kg [95% CI - 6.50, - 2.16], jump - 1.68 cm [95% CI - 3.12, - 0.25] and balance 31% [95% CI 12, 52]). No associations were observed with tumour necrosis factor-α. Results were adjusted for sex, age, long-term parental unemployment/financial problems, education, baseline income and cohort. This study suggested EH for four or more years to be associated with poorer physical capability, cognitive function and increased inflammatory levels in midlife. High probability of EH across adulthood was similarly related to poorer physical capability and CRP, but not cognitive function and the remaining inflammatory markers. In conclusion, preventive initiatives focusing on reducing the burden of sustained economic hardship may lead to increased healthy ageing. © Springer Nature B.V. 2019.Sexual health research tends to focus on problematic aspects of sexuality. This also applies to research on sexuality in older men and women, where attention has been primarily on the negative impact of aging. To contribute to the emerging interest in positive (successful) sexual aging, we aimed to (1) further validate a recently developed 5-dimensional measure of sexual well-being (Štulhofer et al. in J Happiness Stud, 2018. 10.1007/s10902-018-0049-1) and (2) explore the structure of associations among emotional intimacy, frequency of sexual intercourse, and sexual well-being in older European couples. Using data from a 2016 community-based survey of 218 Norwegian, 207 Danish, 135 Belgian, and 117 Portuguese couples aged 60-75 years, we applied actor-partner interdependence structural modeling approach to confirm the validity of the sexual well-being measure in couples and explore a path analytic model in which the frequency of sexual intercourse was hypothesized to mediate the association between emotional intimacy and sexual well-being. Although we observed consistent and significant actor effects, with emotional intimacy and frequency of sexual intercourse predicting both male and female partners' sexual well-being across countries, the proposed mediation was observed only in Norwegian and Portuguese men and Norwegian and Belgian women. Partner effects were gender-specific; male partner's emotional intimacy was related to his female partner's reported frequency of sex and sexual well-being but not the other way around. Apart from being one of the few cross-cultural assessments of successful sexual aging, this study's findings support the use of a new sexual well-being measure in research on older adults' sexuality. © Springer Nature B.V. 2019.High morale could be considered to be an essential part of aging well and increased knowledge of how to prevent a decrease in high morale in very old age could have important implications for policy, and social and health care development. selleck compound The objective was to identify social and health-related risk factors for a decrease in morale over 5 years in very old people among those with high morale at baseline. The study is based on data derived from the Umeå85+/GERDA study conducted in Northern Sweden and Western Finland. The final sample consisted of 174 individuals who were 85 years and older at baseline and who had completed the follow-up 5 years later. Morale was measured with The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS). A set of social and health-related variables were used to test which factors were associated with a decrease in morale over 5 years. Linear regression was used for the multivariable analyses. The sample had a mean change of - 1.3 (SD = 2.5) in PGCMS scores from T1 to T2. The results from the regression analyses showed that development of depressive disorders, increased feelings of loneliness and the death of a child during the follow-up period were associated with a decrease in morale. The results from our study indicate that preventing the development of depressive disorders and increasing loneliness are key factors in preventing a decrease in high morale. Additionally, very old people who have recently lost an adult child should receive adequate psychosocial support. © The Author(s) 2019.Previous studies have shown that older people maintain higher well-being than younger people despite their physical and cognitive functioning declining with age. This paradoxical phenomenon has been explained by the socioemotional selectivity theory (SST), in which a limited future time perspective (FTP) is an antecedent that leads to higher well-being through the use of adaptive emotion regulation. However, few empirical studies have examined the mediation process assumed in the SST. Moreover, it is unclear whether time left in life (TLL), which was originally referred to in the SST and is thought to be a different concept from FTP, relates to emotion regulation and well-being. Therefore, the current study investigated how emotion regulation mediates the relationship between FTP, TLL, and well-being by using a cross-sectional questionnaire that was responded to by 1393 Japanese adults (age range 20-89 years, M = 54.23, SD = 19.01). The results of correlation and mediation analyses indicated that, in contrast to the assumption of the SST, limited (expanded) FTP and TLL generally lead to lower (higher) well-being through the mediation of maladaptive (adaptive) emotion regulation.
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