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Local Homogeneity Brain Modifications in Schizophrenia: A great Activation Likelihood Appraisal Meta-Analysis.
Tissue-agnostic trials and basket trials enroll patients based on their genetic biomarkers, not tumor type, in an attempt to determine if a new drug can successfully treat disease conditions based on biomarkers. The Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) provides an attractive approach to design phase II tissue-agnostic trials by allowing information borrowing across multiple disease types. In this article, we elucidate two intrinsic and inevitable issues that may limit the use of BHM to tissue-agnostic trials sensitivity to the prior specification of the shrinkage parameter and the competing "interest" among disease types in increasing power and controlling type I error. To address these issues, we propose the optimal BHM (OBHM) and clustered OBHM (COBHM) approaches. In these approach, we first specify a flexible utility function to quantify the tradeoff between type I error and power across disease types based on the study objectives, and then we select the prior of the shrinkage parameter to optimize the utility function of clinical and regulatory interest. COBHM further utilizes a simple Bayesian rule to cluster tumor types into sensitive and insensitive subgroups to achieve more accurate information borrowing. Simulation study shows that the OBHM and especially COBHM have desirable operating characteristics, outperforming some existing methods. COBHM effectively balances power and type I error, addresses the sensitivity of the prior selection, and reduces the "unwarranted" subjectivity in the prior selection. It provides a systematic, rigorous way to apply BHM and solve the common problem of blindingly using a non-informative inverse-gamma prior (with a large variance) or priors arbitrarily chosen that may lead to problematic statistical properties.Platinum compounds (cisplatin and carboplatin) represent the most active anticancer agents in clinical use both of lung cancer in mono-and combination therapies. However, platinum resistance limits its clinical application. It is necessary to understand the molecular mechanism of platinum resistance, identify predictive markers, and develop newer, more effective and less toxic agents to treat platinum resistance in lung cancer. Here, it summarizes the main molecular mechanisms associated with platinum resistance in lung cancer and the development of new approaches to tackle this clinically relevant problem. Moreover, it could lead to the development of more effective treatment for refractory lung cancer in future.
While specific factors have been associated with outcomes after in-hospital cardiac arrest, the association between sex and outcomes remains debated. Moreover, age-specific sex differences in outcomes have not been fully characterized in this population.

Adult patients (≥18 years) with an index in-hospital cardiac arrest were included from the Danish In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry (DANARREST) from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2018. Population-based registries were used to obtain data on patient characteristics, cardiac arrest characteristics, and outcomes. Unadjusted and adjusted estimates for return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to 30 days, survival to one year, duration of resuscitation, and post-cardiac arrest time-to-death were computed.

A total of 3266 patients were included, of which 2041 (62%) patients were male with a median age of 73 years (quartiles 64, 80). Among 1225 (38%) female patients, the median age was 76 years (quartiles 67, 83). Younger age was associated wiories.
In this study of patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest, female sex was associated with a shorter duration of resuscitation among patients without ROSC but a higher survival to 30 days and one year. selleckchem While the overall association between sex and outcomes did not vary substantially across age categories, female sex was associated with a higher survival within certain age categories.
A large, randomized trial showed no significant difference in survival to discharge between cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) strategies of 30 compressions with pause for 2 ventilations per cycle (302) and continuous chest compression with asynchronous ventilations (CCC). Data from the same trial suggested that adherence to the intended CPR strategy was associated with significantly greater survival. We sought to determine the adherence rate with intended strategy and then explore the association of adherence with survival to discharge in the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC).

This secondary analysis of data from the ROC included three interventional trials and a prospective registry. We modified an automated software algorithm that classified care as 302 or CCC before intubation based on compression segment length (defined as the elapsed time from start of compressions to subsequent pause of ≥2 s), number of pauses per minute ≥2 s in length and chest compression fraction. Intended CPR strategy fos). The association between adherence and survival was modified by treatment arm (CCC OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.64-0.81 vs 302 OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.90-1.22; interaction p-value<0.01) after adjustment for known confounders.

For intended strategy CCC, survival was significantly lower, OR (95%CI) = 0.72 (0.64, 0.81), when adhered to while for intended strategy 302, survival was higher, OR (95%CI) = 1.05 (0.90, 1.22), when adhered to. Intended strategy of 302 had lower adherence rates than CCC possibly a result of being a more difficult strategy to administer.
For intended strategy CCC, survival was significantly lower, OR (95%CI) = 0.72 (0.64, 0.81), when adhered to while for intended strategy 302, survival was higher, OR (95%CI) = 1.05 (0.90, 1.22), when adhered to. Intended strategy of 302 had lower adherence rates than CCC possibly a result of being a more difficult strategy to administer.
Chest compressions delivered by a load distributing band (LDB) induce artefacts in the electrocardiogram. These artefacts alter shock decisions in defibrillators. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the first reliable shock decision algorithm during LDB compressions.

The study dataset comprised 5813 electrocardiogram segments from 896 cardiac arrest patients during LDB compressions. Electrocardiogram segments were annotated by consensus as shockable (1154, 303 patients) or nonshockable (4659, 841 patients). Segments during asystole were used to characterize the LDB artefact and to compare its characteristics to those of manual artefacts from other datasets. LDB artefacts were removed using adaptive filters. A machine learning algorithm was designed for the shock decision after filtering, and its performance was compared to that of a commercial defibrillator's algorithm.

Median (90% confidence interval) compression frequencies were lower and more stable for the LDB than for the manual artefact, 80 min
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