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Within cells, vesicles and proteins are actively transported several micrometers along the cytoskeletal filaments. The transport along microtubules is propelled by dynein and kinesin motors, which carry the cargo in opposite directions. Bidirectional intracellular transport is performed with great efficiency, even under strong confinement, as for example in the axon. For this kind of transport system, one would expect generically cluster formation. In this Letter, we discuss the effect of the recently observed self-enhanced binding affinity along the kinesin trajectories on the microtubule. We introduce a stochastic lattice-gas model, where the enhanced binding affinity is realized via a floor field. From Monte Carlo simulations and a mean-field analysis we show that this mechanism can lead to self-organized symmetry breaking and lane formation that indeed leads to efficient bidirectional transport in narrow environments.van der Waals heterostructures combining two-dimensional magnetic and semiconducting layers constitute a promising platform for interfacing magnetism, electronics, and optics. Here, we use resonant optical reflection spectroscopy to observe the magnetic proximity effect in a gate-tunable MoSe_2/CrBr_3 heterostructure. The high quality of the interface leads to a giant zero-field splitting of the K and K^' valley excitons in MoSe_2, equivalent to an external magnetic field of 12 T, with a weak but distinct electric field dependence that hints at potential for electrical control of magnetization. The magnetic proximity effect allows us to use resonant optical spectroscopy to fully characterize the CrBr_3 magnet, determining the easy-axis coercive field, the magnetic anisotropy energy, and critical exponents associated with spin susceptibility and magnetization.Recent reports have identified new metaphases of VO_2 with strain and/or doping, suggesting the structural phase transition and the metal-to-insulator transition might be decoupled. Using epitaxially strained VO_2/TiO_2 (001) thin films, which display a bulklike abrupt metal-to-insulator transition and rutile to monoclinic transition structural phase transition, we employ x-ray standing waves combined with hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to simultaneously measure the structural and electronic transitions. This x-ray standing waves study elegantly demonstrates the structural and electronic transitions occur concurrently within experimental limits (±1 K).When a liquid jet impacts a pool of the same liquid, a bubble cloud is generated below the surface we address here the question of the vertical size of this bubble cloud. selleck inhibitor We have measured this size on experiments spanning a large range of scales, from 0.3 to 210 mm in jet diameter, and from 0.2 to 9.5 m in height of fall. We show that a simple model based on a balance of forces at the scale of the bubble cloud is able to account for all experimental results over this wide range of scales and types of jets. We derive from this model a simple expression for the prediction of the bubble cloud penetration depth.Rotating neutron stars can emit continuous gravitational waves, which have not yet been detected. We present a search for continuous gravitational waves from unknown neutron stars in binary systems with orbital period between 15 and 45 days. This is the first time that Advanced LIGO data and the recently developed BinarySkyHough pipeline have been used in a search of this kind. No detections are reported, and upper limits on the gravitational-wave amplitude are calculated, which improve the previous results by a factor of 17.A basic feature of liquid drops is that they can merge upon contact to form a larger drop. In spite of its importance to various applications, drop coalescence on prewetted substrates has received little attention. Here, we experimentally and theoretically reveal the dynamics of drop coalescence on a thick layer of a low viscosity liquid. It is shown that these so-called "liquid lenses" merge by the self-similar vertical growth of a bridge connecting the two lenses. Using a slender analysis, we derive similarity solutions corresponding to the viscous and inertial limits. Excellent agreement is found with the experiments without any adjustable parameters, capturing both the spatial and temporal structures of the flow during coalescence. Finally, we consider the crossover between the two regimes and show that all data of different lens viscosities collapse on a single curve capturing the full range of the coalescence dynamics.Quantization effects due to topological invariants such as Chern numbers have become very relevant in many systems, yet key quantities such as the quantum geometric tensor providing local information about quantum states remain experimentally difficult to access. Recently, it has been shown that multiterminal Josephson junctions constitute an ideal platform to synthesize topological systems in a controlled manner. We theoretically study properties of Andreev states in topological Josephson matter and demonstrate that the quantum geometric tensor of Andreev states can be extracted by synthetically polarized microwaves. The oscillator strength of the absorption rates provides direct evidence of topological quantum properties of the Andreev states.The mesoscopic Stoner instability is an intriguing manifestation of symmetry breaking in isolated metallic quantum dots, underlined by the competition between single-particle energy and Heisenberg exchange interaction. Here we study this phenomenon in the presence of tunnel coupling to a reservoir. We analyze the spin susceptibility of electrons on the quantum dot for different values of couplings and temperature. Our results indicate the existence of a "quantum phase transition" at a critical value of the tunneling coupling, which is determined by the Stoner-enhanced exchange interaction. This quantum phase transition is a manifestation of the suppression of the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism of symmetry breaking, induced by coupling to the reservoir.An important goal of spintronics is to covert a charge current into a spin current with a controlled spin polarization that can exert torques on an adjacent magnetic layer. Here we demonstrate such torques in a two ferromagnet system. A CoNi multilayer is used as a spin current source in a sample with structure CoNi/Au/CoFeB. Spin torque ferromagnetic resonance is used to measure the torque on the CoFeB layer. The response as a function of the applied field angle and current is consistent with the symmetry expected for a torque produced by the planar Hall effect originating in CoNi. We find the strength of this effect to be comparable to that of the spin Hall effect in platinum, indicating that the planar Hall effect holds potential as a spin current source with a controllable polarization direction.
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