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Physical and mental Wellness of Older Imprisoned Individuals Who've Older set up in Prison.
020 S. Karger AG, Basel.T lymphocytes follow three main stages of differentiation during their lifetime history - memory generation, memory homeostasis, and immunosenescence. Current definitions of T cell immunosenescence now include distinct aspects of both T cell senescence and exhaustion. Multiple studies have indicated a loss of vaccine efficacy in old age, and because this period coincides with the onset of T cell immunosenescence, the latter has often been implicated in the loss of vaccine responsiveness. This chapter examines changes in T cell homeostasis with age, and proposes mechanisms of how these changes, together with senescence and exhaustion, could affect the T cell contribution to the vaccine response. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.INTRODUCTION Exposure to traumatic stressful events in childhood is an important risk factor for the development of posttraumatic symptomatology. From a mentalization-based developmental perspective, childhood adversity can affect attachment in children and may result in insecure attachment and impaired mentalizing abilities, which increase the lifetime risk for psychopathology. The present cross-sectional study examined the potential mediating role of attachment insecurity and impaired mentalizing on the relationship between childhood trauma and posttraumatic symptomatology. METHOD Adults who had experienced childhood neglect and abuse (n = 295, 184 patients with personality disorder and 111 community controls) completed self-report measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, dissociative experiences, adult attachment insecurity, and mentalizing. RESULTS Structural equation modelling results revealed that attachment insecurity together with lower mentalizing mediated the link between childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms, and lower mentalizing mediated the link between childhood trauma and dissociative experiences. CONCLUSION The findings show that attachment insecurity and lower mentalizing play significant mediating roles in the reporting of posttraumatic symptomatology among survivors of childhood abuse and neglect, with treatment implications for mentalization-based therapy as beneficial for individuals with a history of childhood trauma. © 2020 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.BACKGROUND/AIMS This study evaluated the relationships of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries, individual characteristics, and environmental factors on self-reported oral health measures in adolescents. METHODS A follow-up prevalence study was conducted involving 406 twelve-year-old adolescents selected from public schools in the eastern area of the city of Manaus, Brazil. Baseline data included clinical consequences of untreated caries (PUFA/pufa index), DMFT, sociodemographic characteristics (sex, parental schooling, and family income), psychosocial factors (sense of coherence [SOC-13 scale], oral health beliefs and self-esteem [Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale]), and social support (SSA questionnaire). PD-1-IN-1 Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL [CPQ11-14]) and self-rated oral health were assessed at the 6-month follow-up. Structural equation modelling was used to explore the relationships between variables according to the Wilson and Cleary model. RESULTS The prevalence of PUFA/pufa was 17.8% and ys. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.BACKGROUND Experimental studies indicate that Klotho deficiency is a pathogenic factor for CKD-related complications, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between serum Klotho and clinical outcomes in nondiabetic CKD patients needs to be further clarified. We aimed to determine whether serum Klotho levels are associated with CVD events and mortality in predialysis CKD patients without diabetes. METHODS A total of 336 CKD stage 2-5 predialysis patients without diabetes were recruited and followed from the end of 2014 to January 2019 for CVD events and overall mortality. Serum Klotho was detected by ELISA and divided into quartiles (lowest, middle, second highest, and highest quartiles) according to their serum Klotho category. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 3.52 years (IQR 3.34-3.76), Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that, compared to participants with a Klotho level in the highest quartile (the reference category), those in the lowest Klotho quartile were associated with a higher all-cause mortality risk (HR = 7.05; 95% CI 1.59-31.25) and a higher CVD event risk (HR = 3.02; 95% CI 1.45-6.30). In addition, the middle Klotho quartile was also associated with CVD event risk (HR = 2.56; 95% CI 1.21-5.41). Moreover, in the multivariate-adjusted model, the lowest Klotho quartile remained significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR = 5.17; 95% CI 1.07-24.96), and the middle Klotho quartile maintained a significant association with CVD event risk (HR = 2.32; 95% CI 1.03-5.21). CONCLUSION These results suggest that lower serum Klotho levels are independently associated with overall mortality and CVD events in nondiabetic predialysis CKD patients. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.INTRODUCTION Although both glucose and fructose are hexoses, their catabolism is quite different the catabolism of fructose is initiated by ketohexokinase and is not regulated by negative feedback, which results in oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that fructose impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation via oxidative stress in rat aortic rings. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were offered 20% fructose solution or tap water for 2 weeks, after which vascular reactivity was measured in isolated aortic rings. In a separate experiment, vascular reactivity was measured after acute exposure to ∼10 mM fructose in isolated aortic rings from untreated rats. RESULTS Although high-fructose intake statistically significantly increased blood pressure and body weight, it did not affect contraction and relaxation in aortic rings. The substitution of fructose for glucose in Krebs solution inhibited vascular relaxation in aortic rings, which was abolished by pretreatment with antioxidants. Decreasing the glucose concentration in Krebs solution inhibited vascular relaxation, whereas decreasing the fructose concentration in Krebs solution improved vascular relaxation in the aortic rings. Pretreatment with antioxidants improved the vascular relaxation in Krebs solution with fructose substituted for glucose. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that fructose impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation via oxidative stress in isolated rat aortic rings. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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