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Medical indications, surgery, and treatment method lifetime of three different treatment protocols inside patients together with Crouzon syndrome using acanthosis nigricans.
We highlight long-standing questions in each of these areas that cryo-EM can potentially address, which would firmly establish the powerful tool's broad scope and utility beyond biology.Local chemotherapy is a clinically proven strategy in treating malignant brain tumors. Its benefits, however, are largely limited by the rapid release and clearance of therapeutic agents and the inability to penetrate through tumor tissues. We report here on a supramolecular tubustecan (TT) hydrogel as both a therapeutic and drug carrier that enables long-term, sustained drug release and improved tumor tissue penetration. Covalent linkage of a tissue penetrating cyclic peptide to two camptothecin drug units creates a TT prodrug amphiphile that can associate into tubular supramolecular polymers and subsequently form a well-defined sphere-shaped hydrogel after injection into tumor tissues. The hollow nature of the resultant tubular assemblies allows for encapsulation of doxorubicin or curcumin for combination therapy. Our in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that these dual drug-bearing supramolecular hydrogels enhance tumor retention and penetration, serving as a local therapeutic depot for potent tumor regression, inhibition of tumor metastasis and recurrence, and mitigation of the off-target side effects.Today, tumor therapy and its therapeutic efficiency evaluation are conducted separately, and current imaging techniques cannot evaluate tumor-therapeutic effects in real time. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop highly efficient theranostic strategies which are able to evaluate their tumor-therapeutic effects in real time. In this work, by rational design of a small molecular near-infrared probe Cys(StBu)-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-Lys(Cypate)-CBT (Cy-CBT) and using a CBT-Cys click condensation reaction, we facilely prepare an intelligent nanoparticle Cy-CBT-NP which is able to evaluate its photothermal therapy (PTT) efficiency on tumors by fluorescence "Turn-On". Fluorescence of Cy-CBT-NP is quenched and photothermal responsive. Upon caspase 3 (Casp3) cleavage of its DEVD substrates, Cy-CBT-NP disassembles to turn the fluorescence "On", which in turn evaluates the PTT efficiency of the nanoparticle on cells and tumors in real time. We envision that our smart strategy could be applied for PTT and real-time evaluation of the therapeutic efficiency of solid tumors in the near future.Protein nanostructures in living organisms have attracted intense interests in biology and material science owing to their intriguing abilities to harness ion transportation for matter/signal transduction and bioelectricity generation. Silk nanofibrils, serving as the fundamental building blocks for silk, not only have the advantages of natural abundance, low cost, biocompatibility, sustainability, and degradability but also play a key role in mechanical toughness and biological functions of silk fibers. Herein, cationic silk nanofibrils (SilkNFs), with an ultrathin thickness of ∼4 nm and a high aspect ratio up to 500, were successfully exfoliated from natural cocoon fibers via quaternization followed by mechanical homogenization. Being positively charged in a wide pH range of 2-12, these cationic SilkNFs could combine with different types of negatively charged biological nanofibrils to produce asymmetric ionic membranes and aerogels that have the ability to tune ion translocation. The asymmetric ionic aerogels could create an electric potential as high as 120 mV in humid ambient air, whereas asymmetric ionic membranes could be used in ionic rectification with a rectification ratio of 5.2. Therefore, this green exfoliation of cationic SilkNFs may provide a biological platform of nanomaterials for applications as diverse as ion electronics, renewable energy, and sustainable nanotechnology.We report the excellent charge storage performance of high-energy Li-ion capacitors (LIC) fabricated from the mesoporous Co3O4 nanosheets as the conversion-type battery component and Jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) derived activated carbon as a supercapacitor electrode, especially at high temperatures (50 and 40 °C). Prior to the fabrication, the electrochemical prelithiation strategy was applied to Co3O4 to alleviate the irreversibility and enrich the Li-ions for electrochemical reactions (Co0 + Li2O). click here The LIC delivered a maximum energy density of ∼118 Wh kg-1 at a high temperature of 50 °C. The significant difference is observed at a high rate of 2.6 kW kg-1 at 50 °C with excellent cycle stability up to 3000 cycles, with a retention of ∼87% compared with the LIC cycled at room temperature (∼74%). The magnificent electrochemical performance clearly demonstrates that the mesoporous structure and residual carbon synergistically facilitated the Li+/electron transport and hinder undesirable side reactions with electrolytes to realize high-energy density at high temperatures.Next-generation electrocatalysts with smart integrated designs, maximizing the chemical cascade synergy for sustainable hydrogen production, are needed to address the urgent environmental threats, but scalable synthesis of precisely architectured nanohybrids rendering a few-nanometer interfacial controllability to augment the catalytic reactivity and operational stability is a major bottleneck. Herein, by inventing a surface-confined lateral growth of nanometer-thin and nanoporous two-dimensional (2D)-Pt on NiFe-LDH nanosheets, a highly reactive 2D-2D interfacially integrated nanoplatform is synthesized for an alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) which not only extracts high Pt-atomic utilization efficiency but also synergistically accelerates the water dissociation and hydrogen generation cascade on the colocalized Pt/M(OH) x active sites, endowing a 6.1-fold higher Pt mass activity than 20% Pt/C and also empowers a record-high HER operational stability for 50 h, due to the chemically enforced lamellar architecture. This work offers a gateway to produce active metal nanosheets tailored with a suitable active-template surface in order to invent and enforce futuristic catalysis technologies.Phototherapy, such as photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, holds great potential for modulation of Alzheimer's β-amyloid (Aβ) self-assembly. Unfortunately, current works for phototherapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are just employing either visible or first near-infrared (NIR-I) light with limited tissue penetration, which can not avoid damaging nearby normal tissues of AD patients through the dense skull and scalp. To overcome the shortcomings of AD phototherapy, herein we report an amyloid targeting, N-doped three-dimensional mesoporous carbon nanosphere (KD8@N-MCNs) as a second near-infrared (NIR-II) PTT agent. This makes it possible for photothermal dissociation of Aβ aggregates through the scalp and skull in a NIR-II window without hurting nearby normal tissues. Besides, KD8@N-MCNs have both superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, which can scavenge intracellular superfluous reactive oxygen species and alleviate neuroinflammation in vivo. Furthermore, KD8@N-MCNs efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier owing to the covalently grafted target peptides of KLVFFAED on the nanosphere surface.
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