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Does the supportive nervous system bring about the pathophysiology regarding metabolic affliction?
Overall, the literature reveals a preferential vulnerability of AD signature regions in SCD in the context of AD, supporting the notion that individuals with SCD share a similar pattern of brain alterations with patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia due to AD. We conclude that these neuroimaging techniques, particularly multimodal neuroimaging techniques, have great potential for identifying the underlying pathological alterations associated with SCD. More longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes combined with more advanced imaging modeling approaches such as artificial intelligence are still warranted to establish their clinical utility.
Although used extensively worldwide, the effects of general anaesthesia on the human brain remain largely elusive. Moreover, general anaesthesia may contribute to serious conditions or adverse events such as postoperative cognitive dysfunction and delirium. To understand the basic mechanisms of general anaesthesia, this project aims to study and compare possible de novo neuroplastic changes induced by two commonly used types of general anaesthesia, i.e. inhalation anaesthesia by sevoflurane and intravenously administered anaesthesia by propofol. In addition, we wish to to explore possible associations between neuroplastic changes, neuropsychological adverse effects and subjective changes in fatigue and well-being.

This is a randomised, participant- and assessor-blinded, cross-over clinical trial. Thirty healthy volunteers (malefemale ratio 11) will be randomised to general anaesthesia by either sevoflurane or propofol. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain will be performed before and amittee in the Capital Region of Denmark, ref. H-18028925 (6 September 2018). EudraCT and Danish Medicines Agency 2018-001252-35 (23 March 2018). www.clinicaltrials.gov , ID NCT04125121 . Akt inhibitor Retrospectively registered on 10 October 2019.
Approved by the Research Ethics Committee in the Capital Region of Denmark, ref. H-18028925 (6 September 2018). EudraCT and Danish Medicines Agency 2018-001252-35 (23 March 2018). www.clinicaltrials.gov , ID NCT04125121 . Retrospectively registered on 10 October 2019.
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant intracranial tumor with poor clinical prognosis in adults. Accumulating evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) function as important regulators in cancer progression, including glioblastoma. Here, we identified a new lncRNA LPP antisense RNA-2 (LPP-AS2) and investigated its function and mechanism in the development of glioma.

High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to discriminate differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs between glioma tissues and normal brain tissues. Expression of LPP-AS2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and miR-7-5p in glioma tissues and cell lines was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and the functions of lncRNA LPP-AS2 in glioma were assessed by in vivo and in vitro assays. Insight into the underlying mechanism of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) was obtained via bioinformatic analysis, dual luciferase reporter assays, RNA pulldown assays, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and rescue expeovel molecular pathway in glioma and might be a potential therapeutic approach for glioma diagnosis, therapy and prognosis.
Our study elucidated that LPP-AS2 acted as an oncogene through a novel molecular pathway in glioma and might be a potential therapeutic approach for glioma diagnosis, therapy and prognosis.
Recent theories have linked autism to challenges in prediction learning and social cognition. It is unknown, however, how autism affects learning about threats from others "demonstrators" through observation, which contains predictive learning based on social information. The aims of this study are therefore to investigate social fear learning in individual with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to examine whether typically developing social cognition is necessary for successful observational learning.

Adults with ASD (n = 23) and neurotypical controls (n = 25) completed a social fear learning (SFL) procedure in which participants watched a "demonstrator" receiving electrical shocks in conjunction with a previously neutral conditioned stimulus (CS+), but never with a safe control stimulus (CS-). Skin conductance was used to measure autonomic responses of learned threat responses to the CS+ versus CS-. Visual attention was measured during learning using eye tracking. To establish a non-social learning baseline, each participant also underwent a test of Pavlovian conditioning.

During learning, individuals with ASD attended less to the demonstrator's face, and when later tested, displayed stronger observational, but not Pavlovian, autonomic indices of learning (skin conductance) compared to controls. In controls, both higher levels of attention to the demonstrator's face and trait empathy predicted diminished expressions of learning during test.

The relatively small sample size of this study and the typical IQ range of the ASD group limit the generalizability of our findings to individuals with ASD in the average intellectual ability range.

The enhanced social threat learning in individuals with ASD may be linked to difficulties using visual attention and mental state attributions to downregulate their emotion.
The enhanced social threat learning in individuals with ASD may be linked to difficulties using visual attention and mental state attributions to downregulate their emotion.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
COVID-19, the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, is challenging healthcare systems worldwide. Little is known about problems faced by emergency medical services-particularly helicopter services-caring for suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. We aimed to describe the issues faced by air ambulance services in Europe as they transport potential COVID-19 patients.

Nine different HEMS providers in seven different countries across Europe were invited to share their experiences and to report their data regarding the care, transport, and safety measures in suspected or confirmed COVID-19 missions. Six air ambulance providers in six countries agreed and reported their data regarding development of special procedures and safety instructions in preparation for the COVID-19 pandemic. Four providers agreed to provide mission related data.Three hundred eighty-five COVID-19-related missions were analysed, including 119 primary transport missions and 266 interfacility transport missions.
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