Notes

Adipose tissue-derived neurotrophic aspect 3 adjusts sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis throughout adipose tissues.
Other AEs reported were general disorders and administration site conditions, and gastrointestinal disorders. The highest grade of toxicity reported was of grade 3 among all AEs. The majority of AEs had a "probable" type of causality relationship with G-CSF.

G-CSF has a safety profile consistent with previous G-CSF studies. Criteria for Adverse Events, filgrastim, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities.
G-CSF has a safety profile consistent with previous G-CSF studies. Criteria for Adverse Events, filgrastim, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities.
Radiation-induced hypothyroidism (RIH) is common after neck irradiation, and biochemical evaluation of thyroid function is recommended periodically for early diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the predictors of RIH after completion of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

This is a retrospective study involving 195 patients who received RT after surgery for OSCC between August 2011 and December 2016. Thyroid function tests were obtained every 6 months and patients were considered to be hypothyroid if thyroid-stimulating hormone level was >5 mIU/mL.

The study cohort comprised 130 men with a median age of 52 years (range 21-77 years). About 107 (54.87%) patients developed hypothyroidism, with a median of 21 months (range 2-67 months) for the development of RIH. Women [41 (63.1%) versus 66 (50.8%), p=0.035], addition of chemotherapy [36 (63.2%) versus 71 (51.4%), p= 0.019], and higher cumulative dose to the thyroid gland (median dose 4690 cGy versus 2981 cGy, P < 0.001) resulted in higher incidence of RIH on univariate analysis. On multivariate Cox regression analysis, female sex (P = 0.042), bilateral irradiation (P = 0.046), and cumulative dose to the thyroid (P = 0.001) were factors associated with increased risk of developing RIH.

The addition of chemotherapy, high dose of radiation to the thyroid gland, bilateral irradiation, and female sex were at higher risk of developing RIH. However, more studies are required to identify the dose-volume constraints of the thyroid gland.
The addition of chemotherapy, high dose of radiation to the thyroid gland, bilateral irradiation, and female sex were at higher risk of developing RIH. see more However, more studies are required to identify the dose-volume constraints of the thyroid gland.
Advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has limited treatment options. Programmed death-ligand1 (PD-L1) expressed by tumor cells interacts with PD-1 receptor on T lymphocytes leading to immune evasive response and survival advantage. Therapy with immune check-point inhibitors target PD-1/PD-L1 blockade inducing tumor regression. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PD-L1 expression enables patient selection for immunotherapy and may be considered a potential predictor of clinical response.

A retrospective analysis of IHC for PD-L1 expression using manual laboratory developed technique (LDT) with antibody clone 22C3 (Dako) in 93 cases of HNSCC. PD-L1 expression was correlated with age, gender, tumor site, grade and stage.

PD-L1 IHC was performed in 93 cases and immunopositivity was noted in 59 (63.4%) cases. High expression with combined proportion score (CPS) =50 was seen in 15 (16.1%) cases and low expression with CPS =1 expression was seen in 44 (47.3%) cases. An almost-perfect interobserver agreement was noted by two pathologists for PD-L1 IHC expression (Cohen's kappa coefficient = 0.910). No statistically significant correlation was noted between PD-L1 score and patient demographics, tumor site, grade or stage.

Detection of PD-L1 status by IHC enables identification of HNSCC patients eligible for future targeted immunotherapy.
Detection of PD-L1 status by IHC enables identification of HNSCC patients eligible for future targeted immunotherapy.
The aim of our study is to assess the dose enhancement from scattered radiation due to dental restorative materials used for occlusal and mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity filling during simulated head and neck radiotherapy.

We have studied the dose enhancement ratio (DER) of conventional amalgam, high-copper amalgam, and resin composite dental restorative materials at cadaver mandible teeth using 2 therapeutic photon energies of 1.25 MeV (Co-60 gamma ray) and 6 MV (Linac X-ray) for irradiation.

DER values at buccal position for Co-60 and 6 MV X-ray were 1.250 ± 0.013 and 1.151 ± 0.012, respectively. For dental cavity fillings, DER values for 6 MV X-ray were 1.065 ± 0.021, 1.100 ± 0.014, and 1.162 ± 0.016 for resin composite filling, low-copper amalgam filling, and high-copper amalgam filling, respectively. Our results revealed that DER regarding irradiation energy was minimum for 6 MV X-rays. With respect to dental restorative filling material, DER was minimum for resin composite filling. Regarding the cavity type, our results with standard deviation (SD) calculations revealed that DER was slightly but not significantly different for both Co-60 gamma ray (1.25 MeV) and 6 MV X-ray energies for both occlusal and MOD cavities.

Our dosimetric results for a single beam geometry suggest that, among the three types of filling, resin composite filling is an ideal restorative filling material with minimal morbidity-inducing radiation dose enhancement that may result in increased osteoradionecrosis and secondary caries risk. There is a need for further dosimetric studies with actual clinical beam arrangements.
Our dosimetric results for a single beam geometry suggest that, among the three types of filling, resin composite filling is an ideal restorative filling material with minimal morbidity-inducing radiation dose enhancement that may result in increased osteoradionecrosis and secondary caries risk. There is a need for further dosimetric studies with actual clinical beam arrangements.
Surgery has been the mainstay treatment for oral cancer. Those patients, who do not receive surgery are generally treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Many factors play a role in patients' survival; tumor volume might be one of those factors. This study aims to determine the effect of the pretreatment tumor volume on the survival of oral cancer.

Retrospective study of patients with histological confirmed squamous cell carcinoma, stage III-IV oral cancer, who received definitive CCRT. Tumor volume from pretreatment computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed and analyzed. The optimal cut-off tumor volume was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

From 67 patients, half of the primary tumor sites were oral tongue. The median total tumor volume (TTV) was 73.25 cm
, while the median survival was 12.5 months (95% CI 10.9-20.3). The optimal cut-off TTV =52.9 cm
(P < 0.0001). The median survival of the patients, who had tumor volume <52.9 cm
were 34.4 months, and for tumor volume =52.
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