Notes

Intestinal-derived FGF15 shields against negative effects of top to bottom sleeve gastrectomy in these animals.
Serum blank was a proper method of lipid removal for the measurement of glucose. Conclusion Lipemia is a well-known interferer in clinical chemistry. One cannot avoid lipemia, but fortunately, severe lipemia is a rare phenomenon in the laboratory, and for assessment of some analytes in a lower degree of lipemia, use of serum blank eliminates the need for ultracentrifuge. Copyright © 2020 Neda Soleimani et al.The origin of tobacco is the most important factor in determining the style characteristics and intrinsic quality of tobacco. There are many applications for the identification of tobacco origin by near-infrared spectroscopy. In order to improve the accuracy of the tobacco origin classification, a near-infrared spectrum (NIRS) identification method based on multimodal convolutional neural networks (CNN) was proposed, taking advantage of the strong feature extraction ability of the CNN. Firstly, the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1-D CNN) is used to extract and combine the pattern features of one-dimensional NIRS data, and then the extracted features are used for classification. Secondly, the one-dimensional NIRS data are converted into two-dimensional spectral images, and the structure features are extracted from two-dimensional spectral images by the two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2-D CNN) method. The classification is performed by the combination of global and local training features. Finally, the influences of different network structure parameters on model identification performance are studied, and the optimal CNN models are selected and compared. The multimodal NIR-CNN identification models of tobacco origin were established by using NIRS of 5,200 tobacco samples from 10 major tobacco producing provinces in China and 3 foreign countries. The classification accuracy of 1-D CNN and 2-D CNN models was 93.15% and 93.05%, respectively, which was better than the traditional PLS-DA method. The experimental results show that the application of 1-D CNN and 2-D CNN can accurately and reliably distinguish the NIRS data, and it can be developed into a new rapid identification method of tobacco origin, which has an important promotion value. Copyright © 2020 Lei Zhang et al.To evaluate the quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC/UV-PAD), near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and chemometrics were used to discriminate nine components of samples from four different geographical locations. HPLC was performed with a C18 (5 μm, 4.6 mm × 250 mm) column and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile with a gradient elution system. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to identify the amounts of salvianolic acid B. NIR was used to distinguish rapidly S. miltiorrhiza Bunge samples from different geographical locations. In this assay, discriminant analysis was performed, and the accuracy was found to be 100%. The combination of these two methods can be used to quickly and accurately identify S. miltiorrhiza Bunge from different geographical locations. Copyright © 2020 Jiao Wang et al.Salt processing, which involves steaming with salt water, directs herbs into the kidney channel. After being salt processed, kidney invigorating effects occur. However, the underlying mechanism of this method remains elusive. The compounds monotropein, rubiadin, and rubiadin 1-methyl ether are the major effective components of Morinda officinalis How. To clarify the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of these three compounds, we employed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to determine the contents of the three components in rat plasma and tissues. Separation was achieved on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm, Waters). Formic acid aqueous solution (0.1%; A) and acetonitrile (containing 0.1% formic acid; B) were used as the mobile phase system with a programmed elution of 0∼5 min with 70% A and then 5∼7 min with 60% A. All analytes were measured with optimized multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in negative ion mode. Geniposide and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone were used as the internal standards (IS). The linear ranges were 1.2∼190, 1.3∼510, and 0.047∼37.5 μg/mL, respectively. Compared with the Morinda officinalis without wood (MO) group, the Cmax and AUC0-t parameters of rubiadin and rubiadin 1-methyl ether elevated remarkably for the salt-processed Morinda officinalis (SMO) groups, which indicates that steaming by salt could increase the bioavailability of rubiadin and rubiadin 1-methyl ether. The T max for monotropein is shorter (0.5 h) in SMO groups than that in MO group, which means that monotropein was quickly absorbed in the SMO extract. Moreover, the contents of three compounds in the small intestine were the highest. Copyright © 2020 Ji Shi et al.The quality of medications is important to maintain the overall health care of patients. This study aims to develop and validate a spectrophotometric method using multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) with correlation constraint for simultaneous resolution and quantification of selected drugs affecting the central nervous system (imipramine, carbamazepine, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and phenytoin) in different pharmaceutical dosage forms. Figures of merit such as root-mean-square error of prediction, bias, standard error of prediction, and relative error of prediction for the developed method were calculated. High values of correlation coefficients ranged between 0.9993 and 0.9998 reflected high predictive ability of the developed method. The results are linear in the concentration range of 0.3-5 μg/mL for carbamazepine, 0.3-15 μg/mL for chlorpromazine, 0.5-10 μg/mL for haloperidol, 0.5-10 μg/mL for imipramine, and 3-20 μg/mL for phenytoin. The optimized method was successfully applied for the analysis of the studied drugs in their pharmaceutical products without any separation step. The optimized method was also compared with a reported HPLC method using Student's t test and F ratio at 95% confidence level, and the results showed no significant difference regarding accuracy and precision. selleck chemicals llc The proposed chemometric method is fast, reliable, and cost-effective and can be used as an eco-friendly alternative to chromatographic techniques for the analysis of the studied drugs in commercial pharmaceutical products. Copyright © 2020 Heba Shaaban et al.
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