Notes

[Assessment with the standard of living of mandibular ameloblastoma individuals following reconstruction using double-barrel fibula flap].
To study the medial rectus (MR) muscle of zebrafish (

) with respect to the pattern of distribution of desmin and its correlation to distinct types of myofibers and motor endplates.

The MRs of zebrafish were examined using confocal microscopy in whole-mount longitudinal specimens and in cross sections processed for immunohistochemistry with antibodies against desmin, myosin heavy chain isoforms, and innervation markers. Desmin patterns were correlated to major myofiber type and type of innervation. A total of 1382 myofibers in nine MR muscles were analyzed.

Four distinct desmin immunolabeling patterns were found in the zebrafish MRs. Approximately a third of all slow myofibers lacked desmin, representing 8.5% of the total myofiber population. The adult zebrafish MR muscle displayed en grappe, en plaque, and multiterminal en plaque neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) with intricate patterns of desmin immunolabeling.

The MRs of zebrafish showed important similarities with the human extraocular muscles with regard to the pattern of desmin distribution and presence of the major types of NMJs and can be regarded as an adequate model to further study the role of desmin and the implications of heterogeneity in cytoskeletal protein composition.

The establishment of a zebrafish model to study the cytoskeleton in muscles that are particularly resistant to muscle disease opens new avenues to understand human myopathies and muscle dystrophies and may provide clues to new therapies.
The establishment of a zebrafish model to study the cytoskeleton in muscles that are particularly resistant to muscle disease opens new avenues to understand human myopathies and muscle dystrophies and may provide clues to new therapies.The world is experiencing an unprecedented public health emergency owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. To control virus spread, many countries temporarily suspended classes. In this context, the availability of e-tools and distance learning platforms in higher education institutions has proven very useful to facilitate the emergency switch to distance learning to ensure continuity of the educational process. We discuss here the experience of the College of Pharmacy at Qatar University in responding to suspension of classes using available educational technologies. Furthermore, we provide some reflection points for optimal implementation of technology-enhanced learning into distance education for future academic years.A series of heterogeneous catalysts consisting of highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles supported on nanosized ZrO2 (20 to 60 nm) was synthesized and investigated for the one-pot transfer hydrogenation between glycerol and cyclohexene to produce lactic acid and cyclohexane, without any additional H2. Different preparation methods were screened, by varying the calcination and reduction procedures with the purpose of optimizing the dispersion of Pt species (i.e., as single-atom sites or extra-fine Pt nanoparticles) on the ZrO2 support. The Pt/ZrO2 catalysts were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy techniques (HAADF-STEM, TEM), elemental analysis (ICP-OES, EDX mapping), N2-physisorption, H2 temperature-programmed-reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on this combination of techniques it was possible to correlate the temperature of the calcination and reduction treatments with the nature of the Pt species. The best catalyst consisted of subnanometer Pt clusters ( less then 1 nm) and atomically dispersed Pt (as Pt2+ and Pt4+) on the ZrO2 support, which were converted into extra-fine Pt nanoparticles (average size = 1.4 nm) upon reduction. These nanoparticles acted as catalytic species for the transfer hydrogenation of glycerol with cyclohexene, which gave an unsurpassed 95% yield of lactic acid salt at 96% glycerol conversion (aqueous glycerol solution, NaOH as promoter, 160 °C, 4.5 h, at 20 bar N2). This is the highest yield and selectivity of lactic acid (salt) reported in the literature so far. Reusability experiments showed a partial and gradual loss of activity of the Pt/ZrO2 catalyst, which was attributed to the experimentally observed aggregation of Pt nanoparticles.In heterogeneous catalysis, bifunctional catalysts often outperform one-component catalysts. The activity is also strongly influenced by the morphology, size, and distribution of catalytic particles. For CO2 hydrogenation, the size of the active copper area on top of the SrTiO3 perovskite catalyst support can affect the activity, selectivity, and stability. Here, a detailed theoretical study of the effect of bifunctionality on an important chemical CO2 transformation reaction, the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction, is presented. Using density functional theory computation results for the RWGS pathway on three surfaces, namely, Cu(111), SrTiO3, and the Cu/SrTiO3 interface between both solid phases, we construct the energy landscape of the reaction. The adsorbate-adsorbate lateral interactions are taken into account for catalytic surfaces, which show a sufficient intermediate coverage. The mechanism, combining all three surfaces, is used in mesoscale kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to study the turnover and yield for CO production as a function of particle size. It is shown that the reaction proceeds faster at the interface. However, including copper and the support sites in addition to the interface accelerates the conversion even further, showing that the bifunctionality of the catalyst manifests in a more complex interplay between the phases than just the interface effect, such as the hydrogen spillover. We identify three distinct effects, the electronic, cooperative, and geometric effects, and show that the surrounded smaller Cu features on the set of supporting SrTiO3 show a higher CO formation rate, resulting in a decreasing RWGS model trend with the increasing Cu island size. check details The findings are in parallel with experiments, showing that they explain the previously observed phenomena and confirming the size sensitivity for the catalytic RWGS reaction.Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal nanosheets are promising catalysts because of the enhanced exposure of the active species compared to their 3D counterparts. Here, we report a simple, scalable, and reproducible strategy to prepare 2D phosphate nanosheets by forming a layered structure in situ from phytic acid (PTA) and transition metal precursors. Controlled combustion of the organic groups of PTA results in interlayer carbon, which keeps the layers apart during the formation of phosphate, and the removal of this carbon results in ultrathin nanosheets with controllable layers. Applying this concept to vanadyl phosphate synthesis, we show that the method yields 2D ultrathin nanosheets of the orthorhombic β-form, exposing abundant V4+/V5+ redox sites and oxygen vacancies. We demonstrate the high catalytic activity of this material in the vapor-phase aerobic oxidation of ethyl lactate to ethyl pyruvate. Importantly, these β-VOPO4 compounds do not get hydrated, thereby reducing the competing hydrolysis reaction by water byproducts.
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