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COVID-19 is a serious and costly problem for communities. Observing health issues and performing preventive behaviors is influenced by their knowledge and skills of people toward COVID-19. Hence, this study investigated the knowledge, skill, and practice of the public of Shahrekord toward COVID-19.

The present study was performed as a cross sectional. Data were collected using an online questionnaire from 540 Shahrekord residents who were selected via convenience sampling in 2020. Knowledge, skill, and practice toward COVID-19 were assessed using a prevalidated questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS-21 software (one-way analysis of variance, Pearson test, and regression test).

In this study, 39.1% were male, and 60.9% were female and 46.3% were 20-25 years. The mean score of knowledge, skill, and preventive behaviors was 75.69 ± 17.85, 53.87 ± 27.40, and 59.97 ± 23.79, respectively. There was a significant direct relationship between knowledge and skill (
= 0.05 and
= 081) so that public with more knowledge had a better skill as well. There was a significant association between age (
= 0.036), education level (
= 0.019) , and job (
= 0.014) with knowledge. In addition, a significant association between job (
= 0.027) and marital status (
= 0.014) with skill was observed. Knowledge, skill, and demographic variables predict 37.6% preventive behavior.

The majority of the participants had good knowledge, moderate skill, and relatively enough practice. Government and policymakers must consider these knowledge levels, skill, and practices to implement productive interventions for preventing the COVID-19.
The majority of the participants had good knowledge, moderate skill, and relatively enough practice. Government and policymakers must consider these knowledge levels, skill, and practices to implement productive interventions for preventing the COVID-19.
Preterm birth (PTB) is one of the most important factors that increase the risk of chronic diseases and postpartum death in infants. The aim of this study was to determine the maternal factors that affect the birth of preterm infants in the city of Bandar Abbas.

This is a case-control study that was performed on 400 preterm infants. Sampling was done by a simple method, and information was gathered by interviewing the mothers and their medical records. Data were collected by SPSS software version 16. To compare risk factors in the two groups, conditional logistic regression was used, and
< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results showed that factors such as type of delivery (odds ratio [OR] = 3.584, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.981-6.485), preeclampsia (OR = 2.688, 95% CI 1.164-6.207), history of PTB (OR = 4.171, 95% CI 1.483-11.728), premature rupture of membranes (OR = 3.273, 95% CI 1.745-6.137), care during prenatal (OR = 0.334, 95% CI 0.159-0.701), placental abruption (OR = 3.209, 95% CI 1.209-8.519), placenta previa (OR = 9.333, 95% CI 2.086-41.770), and cervical insufficiency (OR = 11, 95% CI 1.381-87.641) were independent risk factors of preterm infant birth.

The PTB risk is higher for women with cervical insufficiency, history of placenta previa, and history of preterm. Early recognition and management of these high-risk conditions among pregnant women may lead to a reduction in PTB rates.
The PTB risk is higher for women with cervical insufficiency, history of placenta previa, and history of preterm. Early recognition and management of these high-risk conditions among pregnant women may lead to a reduction in PTB rates.
The current corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the disruption of academic activities including medical education which has made online learning only available options for continuing education worldwide. Online learning has its own limitations, which are further amplified if not implemented properly. Hence, there is a need to assess various barriers faced in the implementation of effective online learning.

The objective of the study was to identify the barriers and motivators in online learning among medical undergraduates.

This internet-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical undergraduates of Punjab. The data collection tool was a semi-structured self-made questionnaire prepared using "Google Forms," which was then circulated in the WhatsApp groups of the students. Received responses were imported to the Microsoft Excel sheet and statistical analysis was done.

Out of the 592 participants, 533 (90%) faced some kind of problem in online learning. Major among them wially during current COVID-19 pandemic-like situations. Most of the students (90%) were facing some kind of difficulty in the online learning process due to unplanned and sudden shifts. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and eliminate the various barriers to make online learning effective.Follicular dendritic cells are important stromal components of the germinal center (GC) and have pivotal roles in maintaining the GC microenvironment for high-affinity antibody production. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is essential for the development and functions of follicular dendritic cells. Despite the importance of follicular dendritic cells in humoral immunity, their molecular control mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated due to the lack of an adequate investigation system. Here, we have used a unique human primary follicular dendritic cell-like cell (FDCLC) to demonstrate that the migration of these cells is enhanced by TNFα-mediated metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) expression. this website MMP3 was found to be highly expressed in normal human GCs and markedly upregulated in human primary FDCLCs by TNFα. TNFα induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and the transcription of MMP3 through AP1. TNFα treatment increased FDCLC migration, and a knockdown of MMP3 significantly reduced the TNFα-induced migration of FDCLCs. Overall, we have newly identified a control mechanism for the expression of MMP3 in FDCLCs that modulates their migration and may indicate an important role in GC biology. Since GCs are observed in the lesions of autoimmune diseases and lymphomas, targeting the MMP3/TNFα-mediated migration of stromal cells in the B cell follicle may have great potential as a future therapeutic modality against aberrant GC-associated disorders.
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