Notes

[ELECTRA: electricity-driven reduced energy as well as substance input technology with regard to faster bioremediation].
CRISPR/Cas9, as a new genome-editing tool, offers new approaches to understand and treat diseases, which is being rapidly applied in various areas of biomedical research including sepsis field. The type II prokaryotic CRISPR/Cas system uses a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) to target the Cas9 nuclease to a specific genomic sequence, which is introduced into disease models for functional characterization and for testing of therapeutic strategies. This incredibly precise technology can be used for therapeutic research of gene-related diseases and to program any sequence in a target cell. Most importantly, the multifunctional capacity of this technology allows simultaneous editing of several genes. In this review, we focus on the basic principles, advantages and limitations of CRISPR/Cas9 and the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system as a powerful tool in sepsis research and as a new strategy for the treatment of sepsis. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email [email protected] Curation of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) databases is labor intensive and requires expert knowledge to manually collect, correct, and/or annotate individual genes. Consequently, most existing ARG databases contain only a small number of ARGs (∼5k genes) and updates to these databases tend to be infrequent, commonly requiring years for completion and often containing inconsistencies. Thus, a new approach is needed to achieve a truly comprehensive ARG database while also maintaining a high level of accuracy. IMPLEMENTATION Here we propose a new web-based curation system, ARGminer, that supports the annotation and inspection of several key attributes of potential ARGs, including gene name, antibiotic category, resistance mechanism, evidence for mobility and occurrence in clinically-important bacterial strains. We apply crowdsourcing as a novel strategy to overcome limitations of manual curation and expand curation capacity towards achieving a truly comprehensive and perpetually up-to-date database. Further, machine learning is employed as a means to validate database curation, drawing from natural language processing to infer correct and consistent nomenclature for each potential ARG. RESULTS We develop and validate the crowdsourcing approach by comparing performances of multiple cohorts of curators with varying levels of expertise, thus demonstrating that ARGminer is a time and cost efficient means of achieving accurate ARG curation. We further demonstrate the reliability of a trust validation filter for rejecting input generated by spammers. Crowdsourcing was found to be as accurate as expert annotation, with an accuracy >90% for the annotation of a diverse test set of ARGs. AVAILABILITY The ARGminer public search platform and database is available at http//bench.cs.vt.edu/argminer. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary Material. © The Author(s) (2020). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email [email protected] A case of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)-induced oral ulceration in a kidney transplant recipient is reported. SUMMARY A 54-year-old man who had received a kidney transplant 7 months previously reported to our outpatient clinic with severe oral ulcers with odynophagia and was admitted to the hospital. His maintenance immunosuppressive agents at the time of admission consisted of tacrolimus and mycophenolate. The patient had stable renal function, with all laboratory values within normal ranges. After various alternative etiologies were ruled out, drug-induced oral ulceration was suspected, and the patient's tacrolimus dose was empirically reduced, resulting in reduction of the trough concentration from 10 ng/mL to 3.3 ng/mL without improvement of the ulceration. Mycophenolate-induced oral ulceration was suspected, and MMF was discontinued. Within 5 days of discontinuation, there was a remarkable improvement in both the size and severity of the ulceration, and the patient was discharged from the hospital. During the next clinic visit (a total of 12 days after MMF was discontinued), the patient's mouth and esophageal ulcers had completely healed. Six weeks after complete resolution of the ulcer, MMF at a dosage of 250 mg twice daily was initiated; the dosage was subsequently increased to 500 mg twice daily without a recurrence of ulceration. CONCLUSION A 54-year-old man developed oral ulceration after 7 months of MMF therapy. Discontinuation of therapy resulted in prompt resolution of the patient's ulcers, with no recurrence of ulceration at a lower MMF dose. This is the first case report indicating that mycophenolate-induced ulceration may be dose dependent. © American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] Emerging single-cell RNA-seq technologies has made it possible to capture and assess the gene expression of individual cells. Based on the similarity of gene expression profiles, many tools have been developed to generate an in silico ordering of cells in the form of pseudo-time trajectories. However, these tools do not provide a means to find the ordering of critical gene expression changes over pseudo-time. Eribulin We present GeneSwitches, a tool that takes any single-cell pseudo-time trajectory and determines the precise order of gene-expression and functional-event changes over time. GeneSwitches uses a statistical framework based on logistic regression to identify the order in which genes are either switched on or off along pseudo-time. With this information, users can identify the order in which surface markers appear, investigate how functional ontologies are gained or lost over time, and compare the ordering of switching genes from two related pseudo-temporal processes. AVAILABILITY GeneSwitches is available at https//geneswitches.ddnetbio.com Supplementary Information is available at http//www.ddnetbio.com/files/GeneSwitches_SI.pdf. © The Author(s) (2020). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email [email protected].
Read More: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/eribulin-mesylate-e7389.html