Notes

Persistent reaction of the ovarian cancer individual after having a short-term single-agent immunotherapy: an instance statement.
4003008116).
Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR201804003008116).
To evaluate the consistency of causal statements in observational studies published in
.

Review of observational studies published in a general medical journal.

Cohort and other longitudinal studies describing an exposure-outcome relationship published in
in 2018. We also had access to the submitted papers and reviewer reports.

Proportion of published research papers with 'inconsistent' use of causal language. Papers where language was consistently causal or non-causal were classified as 'consistently causal' or 'consistently not causal', respectively. For the 'inconsistent' papers, we then compared the published and submitted version.

Of 151 published research papers, 60 described eligible studies. Of these 60, we classified the causal language used as 'consistently causal' (48%), 'inconsistent' (20%) and 'consistently not causal'(32%). Eleven out of 12 (92%) of the 'inconsistent' papers were already inconsistent on submission. The inconsistencies found in both submitted and published versions were mainly due to mismatches between objectives and conclusions. this website One section might be carefully phrased in terms of association while the other presented causal language. When identifying only an association, some authors jumped to recommending acting on the findings as if motivated by the evidence presented.

Further guidance is necessary for authors on what constitutes a causal statement and how to justify or discuss assumptions involved. Based on screening these papers, we provide a list of expressions beyond the obvious 'cause' word which may inspire a useful more comprehensive compendium on causal language.
Further guidance is necessary for authors on what constitutes a causal statement and how to justify or discuss assumptions involved. Based on screening these papers, we provide a list of expressions beyond the obvious 'cause' word which may inspire a useful more comprehensive compendium on causal language.
Efforts to describe the current state of research are needed to advance the field of physical-mental multimorbidity (ie, the co-occurrence of at least one physical illness and at least one mental disorder) among children and youth. Our objective was to systematically explore the breadth of physical-mental multimorbidity research in children and youth and to provide an overview of existing literature topics.

Scoping review.

We conducted a systematic search of four key databases PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Scopus as well as a thorough scan of relevant grey literature. We included studies of any research design, published in English, referring to physical-mental multimorbidity among children and youth aged ≤18 years. Studies were screened for eligibility and data were extracted, charted and summarised narratively by research focus. Critical appraisal was employed using the modified Quality Index (QI).

We included 431 studies and 2 sources of grey literature. Existing research emphasises the co-occurrence of anxiety, mood and attention disorders among children with epilepsy, asthma and allergy. Evidence consists of mostly small, observational studies that use cross-sectional data. The average QI score across applicable studies was 9.1 (SD=1.8).

There is a pressing need for more robust research within the field of child physical-mental multimorbidity.
There is a pressing need for more robust research within the field of child physical-mental multimorbidity.
Fasting is frequently imposed to patients before extubation in the intensive care unit based on scheduled surgery guidelines. This practice has never been evaluated among critically ill patients and may delay extubation, increase nursing workload and reduce caloric intake. We are hypothesising that continuous enteral nutrition until extubation represents a safe alternative compared with fasting prior to extubation in the intensive care unit.

Adult patients ventilated more than 48 hours and receiving pre-pyloric enteral nutrition for more than 24 hours are included in this open-label cluster randomised parallel group non-inferiority trial. The participating centres are randomised allocated to continued enteral nutrition until extubation or 6-hour fasting (with concomitant gastric suctioning when feasible) prior to extubation. The primary outcome is extubation failure (ie, reintubation within 7 days following extubation).

This study has been approved by the national ethics review board (comité de protection, des personnes Sud Mediterranée III No 2017.10.02 bis) and patients are included after informed consent. Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.

ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03335345).
ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03335345).
Between-country variation in health care resource use and its impact on outcomes in acute care settings have been challenging to disentangle from illness severity by using administrative data.

We conducted a preplanned analysis employing patient-level emergency department (ED) data from children enrolled in 2 previously conducted clinical trials. Participants aged 3 to <48 months with <72 hours of gastroenteritis were recruited in pediatric EDs in the United States (
= 10 sites; 588 participants) and Canada (
= 6 sites; 827 participants). The primary outcome was an unscheduled health care provider visit within 7 days; the secondary outcomes were intravenous fluid administration and hospitalization at or within 7 days of the index visit.

In adjusted analysis, unscheduled revisits within 7 days did not differ (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50 to 1.02). At the index ED visit, although participants in Canada were assessed as being more dehydrated, intravenous fluids were administered more frequently in the United States (aOR 4.6; 95% CI 2.9 to 7.1). Intravenous fluid administration rates did not differ after enrollment (aOR 1.4; 95% CI 0.7 to 2.8; US cohort with Canadian as referent). Overall, intravenous rehydration was higher in the United States (aOR 3.8; 95% CI 2.5 to 5.7). Although hospitalization rates during the 7 days after enrollment (aOR 1.1; 95% CI 0.4 to 2.6) did not differ, hospitalization at the index visit was more common in the United States (3.9% vs 2.3%; aOR 3.2; 95% CI 1.6 to 6.8).

Among children with gastroenteritis and similar disease severity, revisit rates were similar in our 2 study cohorts, despite lower rates of intravenous rehydration and hospitalization in Canadian-based EDs.
Among children with gastroenteritis and similar disease severity, revisit rates were similar in our 2 study cohorts, despite lower rates of intravenous rehydration and hospitalization in Canadian-based EDs.
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