Notes

Problems associated with hyperextension bicondylar tibial skill level breaks: a new retrospective review.
7-6.8months. Compared with DPP-4 inhibitors, the risk of HHF was reduced by 18% and all-cause mortality was reduced by 36% with empagliflozin (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.71-0.94, and HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.50-0.81, respectively). Reductions were consistent across countries, and in patients with and without baseline cardiovascular disease. ESRD was also significantly reduced with empagliflozin versus DPP-4 inhibitors (HR 0.37; 95% CI 0.24-0.58).

Empagliflozin treatment was associated with reduced risk for HHF, all-cause mortality and ESRD compared with DPP-4 inhibitors in routine clinical practice in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.
Empagliflozin treatment was associated with reduced risk for HHF, all-cause mortality and ESRD compared with DPP-4 inhibitors in routine clinical practice in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.
This study aimed to compare cause-specific mortality rates in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without various vascular complications.

In Japanese hospitals, we followed up 30 834 patients with a mean age of 64.4 (standard deviation [SD] 11.1) years. Patients were followed up from 2003 to 2007 for a median of 7.5 (interquartile range 6.1-9.7) years. We calculated cause-specific mortality rates (number of deaths/1000 person-years) and confounder-adjusted hazard ratios in patients with macrovascular disease and in those with diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy, allowing for overlap of complications.

All-cause mortality rate was highest (51.4) in the nephropathy group, followed by the macrovascular disease group (45.2), the neuropathy group (39.5), the retinopathy group (38.7) and the nonvascular complication group (18.1). In the nephropathy group, morality rates of ischaemic heart, cerebrovascular, and infectious diseases and cancer were also highest among the groups. However, the cancecations.
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced rapid reconsideration as to the way in which health care is delivered. One potential means to provide care while avoiding unnecessary person-to-person contact is to offer remote services (telemedicine). This study aimed to (1) gather real-time information on the use and perception of telemedicine in people living with type 1 diabetes and (2) assess the challenges, such as restricted access to health care and/or medical supplies.

An anonymous questionnaire was widely distributed between 24 March and 5 May 2020 using an open-access web-based platform. Data were analysed descriptively, and results were stratified according to age, sex and HbA
.

There were 7477 survey responses from individuals in 89 countries. Globally, 30% reported that the pandemic had affected their healthcare access due to cancelled physical appointments with their healthcare providers. Thirty-two per cent reported no fundamental change in their medical follow-up during this period, with 9% stating thaype 1 diabetes with the majority (75%) stating that they would consider remote appointments beyond the pandemic. Age and level of education do not appear to influence perception of telemedicine, whereas poor glucose control, particularly in males, seems to negatively affect perception.
An association between the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and that of metabolic syndrome (MS) in obese children has been suggested. We clarified the critical markers for the development of T2D in obese Japanese children.

One hundred and seven obese children who visited our outpatient clinic were enrolled in this study. The obese subjects were divided into 3 groups Group A, T2D (n=19); Group B, MS but not T2D (n=19); and Group C non-T2D, non-MS (n=69). In all the subjects, a biochemical examination was performed and the serum adiponectin and leptin levels were measured. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were measured using computed tomography images.

Group A tended to have higher VAT values and VAT/SAT ratios and lower leptin and adiponectin levels, compared with Groups B and C. In Group A, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was significantly higher and the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ALT ratio was significantly lower than in Group C. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the optimal cut-off point for adiponectin was 6.4μg/mL (AUC=0.859). The cut-off points for ALT, the AST/ALT ratio and VAT were 35IU/L (AUC=0.821), 0.85 (AUC=0.794) and 78cm
(AUC=0.713), respectively. Entinostat Group A had a significantly higher frequency of a family history of T2D than Group B.

Our study revealed that the adiponectin level, ALT level, AST/ALT ratio, VAT value and a family history of T2D may be critical characteristic markers for T2D among obese Japanese children.
Our study revealed that the adiponectin level, ALT level, AST/ALT ratio, VAT value and a family history of T2D may be critical characteristic markers for T2D among obese Japanese children.
With increasing numbers of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide, the number of associated diabetic foot complications might also increase. This systematic review was performed to summarize published data about risk factors for the diabetic foot (DF) syndrome in order to improve the identification of high-risk patients.

Six electronic databases were searched for publications up to August 2019 using predefined stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Of 9,476 identified articles, 31 articles from 28 different study populations fulfilled the criteria for our evaluation. The overall quality of the studies was good, and the risk of bias was low. There was large heterogeneity among the studies concerning study protocols and patient populations analysed. A total of 79 risk factors were analysed within this review. The majority of studies described a consistently positive association with different outcomes of interest related to DF for gender, peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropatsk factors that can be used in the prediction and prevention of DF complications.
It is estimated that 1.6 million deaths worldwide were directly caused by diabetes in 2016, and the burden of diabetes has been increasing rapidly in low- and middle-income countries. This study reviews existing interventions based on patient empowerment and their effectiveness in controlling diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa.

PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Global Health were searched through August 2018, for randomized controlled trials of educational interventions on adherence to the medication plan and lifestyle changes among adults aged 18years and over with type 2 diabetes. Random-effects meta-analysis was used.

Eleven publications from nine studies involving 2743 participants met the inclusion criteria. The duration of interventions with group education and individual education ranged from 3 to 12months. For six studies comprising 1549 participants with meta-analysable data on glycaemic control (HbA1c), there were statistically significant differences between intervention and control groups mean difference was -0.
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