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by maternal and fetal metabolism, the energetics of bipedalism, and variability in pelvic shape. This reveals that human childbirth is affected by a complex combination of evolutionary, ecological, and biocultural factors, which variably constrain maternal pelvic form and fetal growth. Our review demonstrates that it is unwarranted to reject the obstetrical dilemma hypothesis entirely because several of its fundamental assumptions have not been successfully discounted despite claims to the contrary. As such, the obstetrical dilemma remains a tenable hypothesis that can be used productively to guide evolutionary research.
The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and patient acceptance of using the erythritol powder air polishing with mechanical debridement in non-surgical periodontal therapy.
The trial was conducted as a split-mouth design study of 6weeks' duration including 13 patients with gingivitis and stage I periodontitis with grade A. Each patient received ultrasonic debridement and polishing (UD+P) on one side, whereas the contralateral side was treated by erythritol powder air polishing and ultrasonic instrumentation (EPAP+UI) when required. Clinical variables were as follows papillary bleeding index (PBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), full mouth plaque index (FMPI), calculus index (CI), modified gingival index (MGI), probing pocket depth (PPD), the time needed and rate the pain for each group.
The FMPI, MGI, CI, PBL and BOP parameters improved significantly for both treatment procedures; however, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at any of the examinations intervals, except for MGI and CI which showed a significant reduction at 2weeks compared with baseline. PPD was significantly decreased in EPAP+UI group. Perceived pain intensity was lower for EPAP+UI group than UD+P group without any significant difference during follow-up periods between the two groups. Seven patients favoured air polishing. The treatment's time was (24.92±9.260 and 34.08±9.106) minutes for the test and control side, respectively.
This study generally revealed no significant differences in clinical outcomes between two groups for gingivitis and stage I periodontitis treatment. However, EPAP+UI had higher patient's preference and less time-consuming compared with UD+P.
This study generally revealed no significant differences in clinical outcomes between two groups for gingivitis and stage I periodontitis treatment. However, EPAP+UI had higher patient's preference and less time-consuming compared with UD+P.This prospective study was designed to investigate the effects of maternal temperament on uterine blood flow, fetal heart rate, gestational length, and fetal birth weight in a goat experimental model. Based on the arena test, behavioral testing related to fear-eliciting stimulus, goats were divided into nervous (n = 13) and calm (n = 11) groups. After mating, the perfusion of maternal uterine arteries (UTAs) and its related Doppler parameters, blood flow volume (BFV), time-averaged mean velocity (TAMEANV), acceleration (Acce), and resistance impedance (S/D), were evaluated biweekly from week two until the end of pregnancy. Fetal heart rate (FHR) was investigated during the pregnancy in addition to the gestation length (GL) and fetal birth weight (FBW). The UTA-BFV and TAMEANV, as well as Acce and S/D, were influenced by maternal temperament (p less then .05). The FHR showed no significant changes between experimental animals of different temperaments (p = .81). Both GL and FBW were increased in calm rather than nervous goats (p less then .05). These results indicated that the maternal nervous (temperament) have negative impacts on uterine artery Doppler indices, fetal growth, and gestational length in a goat experimental model.Nanostructures with well-defined structures and rich active sites occupy an important position for efficient energy storage and conversion. Recent studies have shown that a transition metal chalcogenide (TMC) has a unique structure, such as diverse structural morphology, excellent stability, high efficiency, etc., and is used in the fields of electrochemistry and catalysis. Glutathione The nanohollow structure metal chalcogenide has broad application prospects due to the existence of a large number of active sites and a wide internal space, allowing a large number of ions and electrons to be transported. Summarizing synthetic strategies of nanostructured hollow transition metal sulfides (HTMC) and their applications in the field of energy storage and conversion is discussed here. Through some representative examples, the fabrication and properties of various hollow structures are analyzed, which prompt some emerging nanoengineering designs to be applied to transition metal chalcogenides. It is hoped that the construction of the HTMC will lead to a deeper understanding for the further exploration of energy storage and conversion.
The aim of this study is to determine health professionals' experiences communicating with Chinese immigrants and identify potential education barriers.
Health professionals caring for Chinese immigrants often encounter communication barriers, leading to uncertainty of quality of care.
This study is a quantitative and qualitative systematic review.
MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched, limited to 1980 to October 2020.
Articles were included if they reported results about health professional communication with Chinese patients. Quality was appraised using Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines and thematic synthesis conducted.
Of 1363 articles, seven studies were included. These described provider-patient communication in primary care, oncology and palliative settings only. Three core themes were identified (1) family-centred health communication where family controls provider-patient information exchange; (2) mismatch of provider-patient health beliefs and knowledge on diet, nutrition, traditional medicine, place for death and disease prevention and (3) mismatch of language and resources as skilled providers proficient in specific dialects are limited; communication resources are perceived as infrequently available and content is insufficient.
Studies describing health professionals' experiences communicating with Chinese immigrants are limited. Key barriers identified included cultural and language disparities and communication resources are inadequate to support health professionals' needs.
Studies describing health professionals' experiences communicating with Chinese immigrants are limited. Key barriers identified included cultural and language disparities and communication resources are inadequate to support health professionals' needs.
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