Notes

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This article focuses on hopes and expectations that are discursively linked to computational technologies in the face of the current "crisis of psychiatric diagnostics". On the basis of document analyses, expert interviews as well as laboratory and conference ethnographies, the fiction of an "unprejudiced gaze" is worked out. According to this imagination, the procedures of "artificial intelligence" may let the data - and ultimately the facts - speak for themselves. However, since "data-driven" research is also determined by conceptual and normative decisions, this fiction could obscure epistemic hierarchizations and ontological prioritizations in psychiatric discourse. Against this backdrop, dependencies and selectivities of research should not be denied but made transparent allowing for a controversial debate.The article summarizes various publications on the application of "learning algorithms" and "artificial neural networks" in psychiatry to describe a dystopian future scenario. The draft of a nosology based on molecular biology is opposed to the ecological disturbance concept of psychiatry developed from the critical examination of history and in dialogue with the stakeholders.
The aim of the article is to enable a fundamental understanding of the potentials and requirements of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for psychiatrists in the present and for the development of future working environments. Psychiatrists will need to understand the function of AI-systems and personalized AI-assistants in therapy systems and as part of their patients' daily life.

The article provides an overview of basic categories and fields of application of AI and machine learning in the diagnosis, prevention and therapy of mental disorders.

AI-applications will shape the prevention, diagnosis and treatment as well as the basic etiological understanding of mental disorders. Notably, the treatment of mental disorders is significantly influenced by commercial product development and assistance systems outside the medical system, as the corresponding developments can exploit large data pools with significantly lower restrictions.

Psychiatrists should now seize the opportunity to actively shape the implementation of AI-systems as otherwise key competences could be transferred to a primary field outside the medical system to the detriment of the patient and the therapist.
Psychiatrists should now seize the opportunity to actively shape the implementation of AI-systems as otherwise key competences could be transferred to a primary field outside the medical system to the detriment of the patient and the therapist.The purpose of this study was to present a medial plication using an arthroscopic all-inside technique for the treatment of patellar instability in adolescents. From July 2009 to June 2012, 19 patients with acute patellar dislocation were operated by this technique. Of these patients, follow-up was available in 17 patients at an average of 3 years (range 1.5-4 years). At the follow-up, we evaluated the patients with physical examinations, radiographs, computed tomography scan, as well as the Lysholm and Kujala scoring scales. No recurrence of patellar instability has been found. The recovery of knee mobilization resulted to be good. We think this could be a valid technique to treat patellar instability in adolescents with less associated morbidity and good cosmetic results.
Many individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond to initial antidepressant monotherapy. Adjunctive aripiprazole is recommended for treatment non-response; however, the impacts on quality of life (QoL) for individuals who receive this second-line treatment strategy have not been described.

We evaluated secondary QoL outcomes in patients with MDD (n=179). Filanesib mouse After 8 weeks of escitalopram, non-responders (<50% decrease in clinician-rated depression) were treated with adjunctive aripiprazole for 8 weeks (n=97); responders continued escitalopram (n=82). A repeated-measures ANOVA evaluated change in Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Short Form scores. QoL was described relative to normative benchmarks.

Escitalopram responders experienced the most QoL improvements in the first treatment phase. For non-responders, QoL improved with a large effect during adjunctive aripiprazole treatment. At the endpoint, 47% of patients achieving symptomatic remission still had impaired QoL.

Individuals who were treated with adjunctive aripiprazole after non-response to escitalopram experienced improved QoL, but a substantial degree of QoL impairment persisted. Since QoL deficits may predict MDD recurrence, attention to ways to support this outcome is required.
Individuals who were treated with adjunctive aripiprazole after non-response to escitalopram experienced improved QoL, but a substantial degree of QoL impairment persisted. Since QoL deficits may predict MDD recurrence, attention to ways to support this outcome is required.
Injecting soft tissue fillers into the deep plane of the forehead carries the risk of injection related visual compromise due to the specific course of the arterial vasculature.

To investigate the 2- and 3-dimensional location of the change of plane of the deep branch of the supratrochlear and supraorbital artery, respectively.

A total of 50 patients (11 males and 39 females, mean age 49.76 (13.8) years, mean body mass index of 22.53 (2.6) kg/m 2) were investigated with ultrasound imaging. The total thickness, and the distance of the arteries from the skin and bone surface were measured using a 15-7 MHz broadband compact linear array transducer.

The deep branch of the supraorbital artery changed plane from deep to superficial to the frontalis muscle at a mean distance of 13mm [range 7.0 - 19.0] in males and at 14mm [range 4.0 - 24.0] in females and for the deep branch of the supratrochlear artery at a mean distance of 14mm in males and females [range 10.0 - 19.0 in males, 4.0 - 27.0 in females when measured from the superior orbital rim.

Based on the ultrasound findings in this study, it seems that the supraperiosteal plane of the upper and lower forehead could be targeted during soft tissue filler injections as the deep branches of both the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries do not travel within this plane. The superficial plane of the lower forehead, however, should be avoided due to the unpredictability and inconsistent presence of the central and paracentral arteries.
Based on the ultrasound findings in this study, it seems that the supraperiosteal plane of the upper and lower forehead could be targeted during soft tissue filler injections as the deep branches of both the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries do not travel within this plane. The superficial plane of the lower forehead, however, should be avoided due to the unpredictability and inconsistent presence of the central and paracentral arteries.
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